VAP patients | No VAP patients | p-value | OR (95% CI) | |
Subjects | 124 | 230 | ||
At ICU admission | ||||
Age yrs | 59±14 | 60±16 | 0.476 | |
Male | 96 (77) | 167 (72) | 0.233 | |
SAPS II | 43±13 | 41±11 | 0.591 | |
Transfer to ICU from ward | 106 (85) | 189 (82) | 0.261 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 19 (15) | 30 (13) | 0.330 | |
COPD | 64 (51) | 126 (54) | 0.323 | |
Prior antibiotic treatment | 83 (66) | 130 (56) | 0.036 | 1.5 (1–2.4) |
Surgery | 23 (18) | 55 (23) | 0.152 | |
Failed organs | 1.6±0.7 | 1.5±0.7 | 0.220 | |
Type of organ failure | ||||
Cardiac | 23 (18) | 44 (19) | 0.507 | |
Respiratory | 109 (87) | 190 (82) | 0.123 | |
Renal | 18 (14) | 36 (15) | 0.453 | |
Neurological | 25 (20) | 25 (10) | 0.014 | 2 (1.1–3.7) |
Digestive | 7 (5) | 7 (3) | 0.180 | |
During ICU stay | ||||
Stress ulcer prophylaxis | 72 (58) | 114 (49) | 0.078 | |
Antibiotic treatment | 84 (67) | 126 (54) | 0.012 | 1.7 (1–2.7) |
Duration of antibiotic treatment days | 12±15 | 9±10 | 0.012 | |
Tracheotomy | 24 (19) | 126 (54) | <0.001 | 0.19 (0.11–0.33) |
Duration of MV days | 22±13 | 24±14 | 0.213 |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. In VAP patients, only exposure to potential risk factors before last VAP episode was taken into account. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; SAPS: simplified acute physiology score; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MV: mechanical ventilation.