Outcomes of study patients
| Case patients | Control patients | p-value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Subjects | 177 | 177 | ||
| Patients with VAP | 51 (28) | 73 (41) | 0.010 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) |
| VAP episodes·1000 MV-days−1 | 14 | 22 | 0.009 | |
| Patients with VAP after T | 24 (13) | 43 (24) | 0.003 | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) |
| VAP episodes after T·1000 MV-days−1 | 4.8 | 9.2 | 0.005 | |
| Duration of MV days | 28±14 | 27±14 | 0.765 | |
| Length of ICU stay days | 31±17 | 30±14 | 0.120 | |
| ICU mortality | 73 (41) | 95 (53) | 0.010 | 1.6 (1.1–2.5) |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia; MV: mechanical ventilation; T: tracheotomy day in cases, or the corresponding day of mechanical ventilation in controls; ICU: intensive care unit.