Observational studies of anticoagulant therapy in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
| First author [ref.] | Study design | Subjects n | Exposure | Outcomes |
| Frank 10 | Retrospective cohort | 69 | Warfarin | No difference in 5-yr survival; nonsignificant survival benefit in warfarin-treated group at 10 yrs |
| Fuster 11 | Retrospective cohort | 115 | Warfarin | Improved 3-yr survival in 78 anticoagulant- versus 37 nonanticoagulant-treated patients (p = 0.02) |
| Kawut 12 | Retrospective cohort | 66 | Warfarin | Improved transplant-free survival; HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.12–0.99; p = 0.05) |
| Ogata 13 | Retrospective cohort | 20 | Warfarin plus isoproterenol/nifedipine | Improved 5-yr survival in anticoagulant group (57 versus 15% for controls; p<0.05) |
| Roman 14 | Case series | 44 | Warfarin | Improvement in five patients |
| Rich 15 | Prospective cohort | 35 | Warfarin | Improved survival in subgroup of patients treated with warfarin compared to nonanticoagulant-treated patients (p = 0.025) |
| Storstein 16 | Retrospective cohort | 10 | Anticoagulant# | No difference in survival between anticoagulant- and non-anticoagulant-treated patients |
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. #: anticoagulant type not specified.