Multivariate Cox regression analyses of mortality after discharge from the hospital
| Covariate | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Sex# | 0.89 (0.70–1.2) | 0.4 |
| Age yrs | ||
| <60 | 1 | |
| 60–69 | 1.6 (0.93–2.8) | 0.09 |
| 70–79 | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 4.5 (2.7–7.6) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking¶ | 1.2 (0.89–1.7) | 0.2 |
| FEV1 % pred+10% | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity+ | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.03 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | <0.001 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 2.0 (1.0–3.7) | 0.04 |
| Lung cancer | 4.6 (2.8–7.5) | <0.001 |
| Cancer other sites | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||
| Statins | 0.57 (0.38–0.87) | 0.009 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | 0.01 |
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted. #: female versus male; ¶: yes versus never; +: yes versus no.