Early stage cancer in the central airways treated with curative intent using various intraluminal bronchoscopic treatment methods
| First author [Ref.] | Methods | Patients n (lesions n) | Response | Survival months |
| Cortese 8 | PDT (Photofrin II®) | 21 (23 resectable) | Nine patients (43%) spared from surgery | >24 |
| Hayata 16 | PDT (HpD) | (123) | CR 93% if <1 cm | <60 |
| CR 45% if >1 cm | ||||
| Grosjean 80 | PDT (m-THPC) | 12 | CR 13/16 (81%) | 3–38 |
| Awadh 81 | PDT (5-ALA) | 6 | CR 5/6 (83%) | NA |
| Kato 83 | PDT (NPe-6) | 35 (39) | CR 83% (84.6%) | NA |
| Marsiglia 84 | HDR brachytherapy | 34 | Local control 85% | Median 24 |
| Survival 78% | ||||
| Deygas 82 | Cryotherapy | 35 | CR 32/35 (91%) | 20% failure >48 |
| van Boxem 17 | Electrocautery | 13 (15) | CR 80%, 10 patients, 12 lesions | 16–43 |
| Vonk Noordegraaf 32 | Electrocautery | 32 | CR 31/32 (97%) | Median 60 (24–120) |
PDT: photodynamic therapy; HpD: haematoporphyrin derivative; CR: complete response (radiographically occult cancers with negative histology/cytology at follow-up and normal radiological examinations); m-THPC: meta-(tetrahydroxyphenyl)chlorin; ALA: 5-aminolevulinic acid; NA: not available; NPe-6: mono-L-aspartyl chlorine 6; HDR: high dose rate.