Summary of the issues concerning central or upper airway obstruction
| Special attention should be paid by the technicians to obtain maximal and repeatable PEFs and forced inspiratory manoeuvres if there is a clinical or spirometric reason to suspect upper airway obstruction |
| Be aware of how to distinguish intrathoracic from extrathoracic airway obstruction (table 10) |
| Confirm the presence of central and upper airway obstruction with imaging and/or endoscopic techniques |
PEF: peak expiratory flow.