Psychological distress and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), grouped according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease staging
| Mild-to-moderate COPD | Severe-to-very severe COPD | |
| Subjects n | 58 | 60 |
| Age yrs | 54.9±7.7 | 60.0±9.6 |
| Males | 32 (55) | 33 (55) |
| BDI ≥15 | 13 (22) | 22 (37) |
| SCL-90-R subscale score | ||
| Phobic anxiety | 9.7±4.3 | 10.4±4.9 |
| General anxiety | 17.2±8.2 | 17.3±7.3 |
| Depression | 30.3±14.1 | 31.3±13.4 |
| Hostility | 7.9±2.3 | 7.5±1.9 |
| Inadequacy of thought and action | 16.6±6.2 | 18.1±7.0 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation | 27.9±10.6 | 26.8±11.1 |
| Sleeping problems | 6.9±3.2 | 7.2±3.7 |
| Somatisation | 23.4±8.0 | 23.1±8.0 |
| General psychological distress# | 153.0±55.2 | 154.4±52.6 |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd and n (%).BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. #: total score.