Relative risk of death# for a reduction in relative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), stratified after baseline smoking status¶
| Cardiovascular | Respiratory | All causes | ||||
| RR (95% CI) | p-value | RR (95% CI) | p-value | RR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Never-smokers+ | ||||||
| FEV1 % pred, decrease of 10% | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 0.34 | Too few events## | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 0.92 | |
| Physical fitness, increase of 0.55 kJ·kg−1 (1 sd) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.19 | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.04 | ||
| Serum cholesterol, increase of 1 mmol·L−1 | 1.25 (1.02–1.54) | 0.03 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.43 | ||
| BMI, increase of 1 kg·m−2 | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.28 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.56 | ||
| Former smokers§ | ||||||
| FEV1 % pred, decrease of 10% | 1.17 (1.03–1.31) | 0.01 | Too few events¶¶ | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | <0.001 | |
| Physical fitness, increase of 0.55 kJ·kg−1 (1 sd) | 1.14 (0.84–1.53) | 0.40 | 0.98 (0.80–1.21) | 0.85 | ||
| Serum cholesterol, increase of 1 mmol·L−1 | 1.31 (1.06–1.62) | 0.01 | 1.27 (1.10–1.47) | 0.001 | ||
| BMI, increase of 1 kg·m−2 | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 0.007 | ||
| Current smokersf | ||||||
| FEV1 % pred, decrease of 10% | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.28 | 1.28 (1.12–1.45) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 0.007 |
| Physical fitness, increase of 0.55 kJ·kg−1 (1 sd) | 0.76 (0.59–0.97) | 0.03 | 0.77 (0.52–1.13) | 0.18 | 0.78 (0.66–0.93) | 0.006 |
| Smoking, increase of 5 pack-yrs | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 0.24 | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | 0.006 | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 0.001 |
| Serum cholesterol, increase of 1 mmol·L−1 | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 0.14 | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | 0.52 | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 0.89 |
| BMI, increase of 1 kg·m−2 | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 0.88 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.84 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.99 |
RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; % pred: % predicted; BMI: body mass index. #: after also adjusting for age and systolic blood pressure; ¶: n = 1,623; +: n = 398; §: n = 521; ƒ: n = 704; ##: n = 9; ¶¶: n = 16.