Cause of death during the 26-yr study period according to the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted quartile
| Quartile of relative FEV1 | ||||
| 1# | 2¶ | 3+ | 4§ | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 40 (9.9) | 40 (9.9) | 36 (8.9) | 35 (8.6) |
| Sudden death | 28 (6.9) | 20 (4.9) | 20 (4.9) | 17 (4.2) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10 (2.5) | 10 (2.5) | 8 (2.0) | 14 (3.4) |
| Other | 11 (2.7) | 6 (1.5) | 10 (2.5) | 3 (0.7) |
| Respiratory | ||||
| Lung cancer | 20 (4.9) | 6 (1.5) | 7 (1.7) | 9 (2.2) |
| Pneumonia | 10 (2.5) | 8 (2.0) | 8 (2.0) | 6 (1.5) |
| Obstructive lung diseases | 15 (3.7) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) |
| Other respiratory | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 18 (4.4) | 15 (3.7) | 19 (4.7) | 12 (3.0) |
| Other cancer | 14 (3.6) | 17 (4.2) | 19 (4.7) | 16 (3.9) |
| Miscellaneous | 21 (5.2) | 20 (4.9) | 14 (3.4) | 9 (2.2) |
| Unknown | 7 (1.7) | 2 (0.5) | 5 (1.2) | 3 (0.7) |
| All causes | 196 (48.4) | 146 (36.0) | 147 (36.2) | 126 (31.0) |
Data are presented as n (%). #: n = 405; ¶: n = 406; +: n = 406; §: n = 406.