Antiretroviral treatment for individuals with tuberculosis (TB) taking rifampicin-containing regimens
| CD4+ lymphocyte count | Recommendations |
| <200 cells·mm−3# | Start TB treatment and one of the following regimens as soon as TB treatment is tolerated (between 2 weeks and 2 months): |
| ZDV¶/3TC/EFV+,§ | |
| ZDV¶/3TC/ABCƒ | |
| ZDV¶/3TC/SQV/RTV (400/400 mg twice daily)ƒ | |
| ZDV¶/3TC/SQV/r (1600/200 mg daily in soft-gel capsule) | |
| ZDV¶/3TC/LPV/RTV (400/400 mg twice daily) | |
| ZDV¶/3TC/NVP## | |
| 200–350 cells·mm−3 | Start TB treatment and one of above-listed regimens after 2 months of TB treatment, unless the individual is severely ill |
| NVP-containing regimen can be used in case of non-rifampicin-based continuation phase | |
| >350 cells·mm−3 | Start and complete TB treatment; start ART after completion, as if not on rifampicin, unless other stage IV conditions are present, in which case earlier ART introduction needs to be considered |
| Not available | Start TB treatment; in extrapulmonary TB, start antiretroviral treatment as soon as TB treatment is tolerated (2 weeks to 2 months); if no other stage IV conditions are present, start ART after TB treatment has been completed, as if not on rifampicin |
ZDV: zidovudine 300 mg twice daily; 3TC: lamivudine 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily; EFV: efavirenz; ABC: abacavir 300 mg twice daily; SQV/RTV: saquinavir/ritonavir (boosted protease inhibitor); SQV/r: saquinavir (soft-gel capsule)/ritonavir; LPV/RTV: lopinavir/ritonavir (boosted protease inhibitor); NVP: nevirapine 200 mg once daily for initial 2 weeks, thereafter 200 mg twice daily; ART: antiretroviral treatment. #: in extrapulmonary TB, antiretroviral treatment should be started as soon as TB treatment is tolerated, irrespective of CD4+ lymphocyte count; ¶: can be replaced by stavudine 40 mg twice daily (if <60 kg, 30 mg twice daily); +: dose of efavirenz may need to be increased from 600 mg to 800 mg per day; §: contraindicated in pregnancy; ƒ: recommended for pregnant females or females of childbearing age without effective contraception; ##: owing to limited data on the appropriate increased dose of NVP to be used when using a rifampicin-based regimen, this should be used only as a last resort; can be used for rifampicin-free tuberculosis treatment regimens. Adapted from 24.