PM10 concentrations, radical-generating capacity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations
| PM10 µg·m−3 | Oxygen radicals# AU·m−3 | Carbon-centred radicals# AU·m−3 | Unidentified radicals# AU·m−3 | Total PAH concentration¶ ng·m−3 | |
| Church pre-service | 163 | 52.3 | 0 | 0 | 16.4 |
| Church post-service | 658 | 19.8 | 12.5 | 3.9 | 52.9 |
| Chapel before candle burning | 233 | 53.7 | 0 | 0 | 11.2 |
| Chapel after candle burning | 1013 | 60.8 | 0 | 45.6 | 110.0 |
| High-traffic outdoor locations+ | 53 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 7.4 |
PM10: particulate matter passing through a size-selective inlet with a 50% efficiency cut-off at a 10-µm aerodynamic diameter. #: radical-generating capacity, detected and identified as 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin-trapped radical adducts, expressed in peak area (arbitrary units (AU)) per m3; ¶: sum of 16 individual compounds analysed by HPLC, expressed in ng·m−3; +: >45,000 motorised vehicles per day