Independent and joint effects of sex and cigarette smoking on the risk of asthma, The Finnish Environment and Asthma Study 1997–2000
| Adjusted# OR (95% CI) | Risk increase % | |
| Male and never-smoking¶ | 1.00 | |
| Female and never-smoking | 1.57 (1.09–2.27) | 57 |
| Male and current smoking | 1.04 (0.66–1.65) | 4 |
| Male and ex-smoking | 1.34 (0.86–2.09) | 34 |
| Female and current smoking | 2.43 (1.56–3.79) | 143 |
| Female and ex-smoking | 2.38 (1.51–3.76) | 138 |
OR: odds ratio
CI: confidence interval
#: adjusted for age, parental atopy, education, environmental tobacco smoke at home or at work, dampness and mould problems at home or at work, self-reported occupational exposures and pets
¶: reference category