Table 4—

Regression coefficients (95% CI) for mean forced expiratory volume in one second in 10,370 males and 12,305 females aged 39–79 yrs, of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC‐Norfolk) cohort, 1993–1997§

Predictor variablesMalesFemales
Regression coefficients β (95% CI)p-valueRegression coefficients β (95% CI)p-value
Ever smokers
 Social class#−0.048 (−0.08– −0.01)0.02−0.047 (−0.07– −0.02)<0.001
 Education−0.065 (−0.10– −0.03)<0.001−0.053 (−0.08– −0.02)<0.001
 Deprivation level+−0.067 (−0.10– −0.03)<0.001−0.064 (−0.09– −0.04)<0.001
Never smokers
 Social class#0.019 (−0.02–0.06)0.37−0.049 (−0.07– −0.02)<0.001
 Education−0.06 (−0.11– −0.01)0.01−0.052 (−0.07– −0.03)<0.001
 Deprivation level+−0.059 (−0.12– −0.002)0.04−0.029 (−0.06– −0.003)0.03

  • Regression coefficients are shown as the difference in litres from the reference category, adjusted for the other factors in the model

  • Predictor variables: social class (nonmanual: social classes I, II and III nonmanual; manual: social classes III manual, IV and V)

  • education (at least O‐level, no qualifications)

  • deprivation level (based on Townsend deprivation scores: <0=less deprived, >0=highly deprived)

  • #: manual versus nonmanual

  • : no qualifications versus at least O‐level

  • highly deprived versus less deprived

  • §: for models based on social class, level of education and deprivation level stratified by smoking status and adjusted for age, height and weight