Demographics and baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Tiotropium-AM | Tiotropium-PM | Placebo | Total |
| Total treated | 33 | 32 | 30 | 95 |
| Male sex n (%) | 22 (67) | 21 (66) | 23 (77) | 66 (70) |
| Age yrs | 66.7 (48–77) | 65.1 (54–79) | 67.6 (49–82) | 66.4 (48–82) |
| Weight kg | 70.6 (46–113) | 72.8 (40–100) | 70.5 (44–109) | 71.3 (40–113) |
| Height cm | 166.8 (134–182) | 168.1 (140–192) | 169.2 (152–188) | 168.0 (134–192) |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Current smoker n (%) | 12 (36) | 9 (28) | 9 (30) | 30 (32) |
| Pack-yrs | 50.4 (10–186) | 46.5 (12–120) | 51.6 (10–130) | 49.5 (10–186) |
| FEV1 L | 0.82±0.27 | 0.87±0.32 | 0.81±0.31 | 0.84±0.30 |
| FVC L | 1.89±0.62 | 2.01±0.80 | 1.95±0.62 | 1.95±0.68 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 45±10 | 46±14 | 43±13 | 44±12 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 33±12 | 33±13 | 31±12 | 32±12 |
| Pa,O2 mmHg | 66.0±6.9 | 64.1±6.8 | 63.5±7.8 | 64.6±7.2 |
| Low Pa,O2 stratum ≤65 mmHg n (%) | 13 (39.4) | 18 (56.3) | 15 (50.0) | 46 (48.4) |
| High Pa,O2 stratum 66–75 mmHg n (%) | 20 (60.6) | 14 (43.8) | 15 (50.0) | 49 (51.6) |
Data are presented as mean (range) or mean±sd unless otherwise stated
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
FVC: forced vital capacity
Pa,O2: awake arterial oxygen tension
Total randomised patients: n=95. All patients were Caucasian
1 mmHg=0.133 kPa