Treatment differences in exercise test parameters for the tiotropium group compared with the placebo group
| Day 0 | Day 21 | Day 42 | |
| Endurance time s | 40±28 | 67±32* | 105±40** |
| Rest | |||
| Dyspnoea Borg | −0.1±0.1 | 0.0±0.1 | −0.1±0.1 |
| IC L | 0.25±0.04# | 0.21±0.04# | 0.23±0.05# |
| VT L | 0.03±0.02 | −0.02±0.02 | 0.00±0.03 |
| fR breaths·min−1 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.6±0.5 | 0.6±0.5 |
| V'E L·min−1 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.4 |
| IRV L | 0.22±0.05# | 0.23±0.05# | 0.23±0.05# |
| Isotime exercise | |||
| Dyspnoea Borg | −0.5±0.2* | −0.7±0.3* | −0.9±0.3** |
| IC L | 0.21±0.04# | 0.19±0.05# | 0.18±0.05*** |
| VT L | 0.09±0.03*** | 0.15±0.03# | 0.11±0.03*** |
| fR breaths·min−1 | −0.6±0.5 | −0.7±0.6 | −0.5±0.6 |
| V'E L·min−1 | 1.8±0.7* | 3.3±1.1** | 3.0±0.8*** |
| IRV L | 0.13±0.04*** | 0.08±0.04* | 0.08±0.04* |
| Peak exercise | |||
| Dyspnoea Borg | −0.2±0.2 | −0.1±0.2 | −0.1±0.3 |
| IC L | 0.15±0.04*** | 0.22±0.05# | 0.15±0.05** |
| VT L | 0.10±0.03*** | 0.11±0.03*** | 0.10±0.03*** |
| fR breaths·min−1 | 0.10±0.48 | 0.33±0.50 | 0.59±0.54 |
| V'E L·min−1 | 2.9±0.8*** | 4.0±1.1*** | 4.1±0.7# |
| IRV L | 0.07±0.04 | 0.14±0.05** | 0.07±0.05 |
Data are presented as tiotropium–placebo, means adjusted for centre and baseline±se
IC: inspiratory capacity
VT: tidal volume
fR: breathing frequency
V'E: minute ventilation
IRV: inspiratory reserve volume
*: p<0.05
**: p<0.01
***: p<0.001
#: p<0.0001