Family No. of proband | ||||
60 | 82 | 91 | 100 | |
Sex | F | M | F | F |
Known HHT features | ||||
Family history of HHT | + | + | + | + |
Epistaxis | + | + | + | + |
Telangiectasia | + | + | + | + |
Pulmonary AVM | – | NK | – | + |
Hepatic AVM | NK | NK | + | + |
Other AVM | NK | NK | GI | GI |
Known PH features | ||||
Age at onset yrs | 8 | 20s | 43 | 18 |
Family history of PPH | + | – | – | – |
Right heart catheterisation | ||||
Mean Ppa mmHg | 38 | NK | 50 | 65 |
Mean Pra mmHg | 1 | NK | 14 | 7 |
CI L·min−1·m−2 | 4.0 | NK | 2.8 | 2.2 |
PVRI µ·m−2 | 8 | NK | 14 | 44 |
SVRI µ·m−2 | 14 | NK | 24 | 25 |
Sv,O2 % | 82 | NK | 56 | 50 |
Sa,O2 % | 99 | NK | 100 | 78 |
Acute vasodilator testing | NR | NK | NR | NR |
Epoprostenol therapy | + | + | + | + |
Outcome/age yrs | Alive/11 | Dead/29 | Dead/51 | Dead/20 |
ALK‐1 mutation | ||||
Exon | 10 | 10 | 8¶ | 10 |
Nucleic acid change# | 1450C>T, 1450_1451insG | 1435C>T | 1120C>T | 1385C>G |
Amino acid position | R484WfsX493 | R479X | R374W | S462X |
Type of mutation | Insertion | Nonsense | Missense | Nonsense |
BMPR2 mutation | ||||
Presence/absence | – | – | – | – |
AVM: arteriovenous malformation
PPH: primary pulmonary hypertension
Ppa: pulmonary arterial pressure
Pra: right atrial pressure
CI: cardiac index
PVRI: pulmonary vascular resistance divided by basic surface area
SVRI: systemic vascular resistance divided by basic surface area
Sv,O2: mixed venous saturation
Sa,O2: systemic oxygen saturation
ALK‐1: activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene
BMRP2: bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene
F: female
M: male
NK: not known
GI: gastrointestinal
NR: no response
C: cytosine
T: thymine
G: guanine
>: substitution
_: range of affected residues
ins: insertion
R: arginine
W: tryptophan
fs: frameshift
X: stop codon
S: serine
+: present
–: absent
#: at the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid level
¶: mutation previously reported in unrelated families (11, 19 and 20)