Respiratory and atopic outcomes in relation to traffic counts in the area of residence for children additionally exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
| Outcome | Crude reference prevalence % (raw numbers) | Exposure tertile | Crude prevalence % (raw numbers) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Asthma | 10.8 (126/1169) | Low | 4.8 (4/83) | 0.438 (0.157–1.222) |
| Medium | 11.0 (11/100) | 1.009 (0.521–1.957) | ||
| High | 13.6 (14/103) | 1.343 (0.736–2.452) | ||
| Current asthma# | 5.2 (62/1193) | Low | 1.2 (1/83) | 0.232 (0.032–1.700) |
| Medium | 5.9 (6/101) | 1.130 (0.472–2.706) | ||
| High | 9.7 (10/103) | 2.047 (1.005–4.171)§ | ||
| Current wheeze# | 9.1 (107/1178) | Low | 4.8 (4/83) | 0.523 (0.187–1.461) |
| Medium | 9.9 (10/101) | 1.095 (0.550–2.179) | ||
| High | 14.0 (14/100) | 1.697 (0.927–3.106)+ | ||
| Cough¶ | 19.1 (226/1186) | Low | 20.7 (17/82) | 1.177 (0.674–2.054) |
| Medium | 25.7 (26/101) | 1.487 (0.927–2.385)+ | ||
| High | 26.7 (27/101) | 1.543 (0.967–2.462)+ | ||
| Hay fever | 10.4 (123/1179) | Low | 6.1 (5/82) | 0.578 (0.227–1.472) |
| Medium | 16.8 (17/101) | 1.678 (0.944–2.981)+ | ||
| High | 15.7 (16/102) | 1.739 (0.967–3.126)+ | ||
| Skinprick test ≥3 mm | 15.8 (110/695) | Low | 13.7 (7/51) | 0.785 (0.339–1.817) |
| Medium | 23.8 (15/63) | 1.539 (0.812–2.918) | ||
| High | 28.8 (15/52) | 2.670 (1.353–5.268)ƒ | ||
| Pollen | 11.8 (82/694) | Low | 11.5 (6/52) | 0.915 (0.372–2.247) |
| Medium | 19.4 (12/62) | 1.662 (0.829–3.331) | ||
| High | 25.0 (13/52) | 3.255 (1.581–6.699)ƒ | ||
| Specific IgE aeroallergens | 33.1 (164/496) | Low | 25.7 (9/35) | 0.655 (0.296–1.451) |
| ≥0.7 kU·mL−1 | Medium | 33.3 (16/48) | 1.003 (0.524–1.920) | |
| High | 45.0 (18/40) | 1.761 (0.897–3.458)+ |
OR: odds ratio
CI: confidence interval
Ig: immunoglobulin
Low: 2600–15000 vehicles·day−1
Medium: 15001–30000 vehicles·day−1
High: >30000 vehicles·day−1 in street segment <50 m away from home
#: with respective symptoms during the last 12 months
¶: morning cough during the last 12 months. ORs adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and family history of asthma, hay fever, or eczema. Traffic categories analysed versus rest of population (reference)
+: p=0.05–≤0.10
§: p=0.01–≤0.05
ƒ: p≤0.01