Types of exposure to pesticides and respiratory problems
| Exposure type | Subjects n | Residential | Domestic | Paraoccupational | Any exposure |
| No symptom | 2016 | 386 (19.1) | 1258 (62.3) | 140 (7.1) | 1281 (63.4) |
| Respiratory disease | 407 | 140 (35.3) | 299 (73.5) | 58 (14.6) | 311 (77.8) |
| OR | 1.21*** | 1.67*** | 2.24*** | 1.82*** | |
| 95% CI | (1.74–2.82) | (1.31–2.24) | (1.59–3.15) | (1.40–2.37) | |
| Asthma | 84 | 31 (36.9) | 62 (73.8) | 15 (18.5) | 63 (75.0) |
| OR | 2.47*** | 1.70* | 2.98*** | 1.73* | |
| 95% CI | (1.52–4.01) | (1.01–2.90) | (1.58–5.56) | (1.02–2.96) | |
| Chronic cough | 752 | 142 (19.7) | 404 (55.8) | 68 (9.4) | 511 (68.0) |
| OR | 1.17 | 1.08 | 1.20 | 1.11 | |
| 95% CI | (0.94–1.46) | (0.91–1.08) | (0.88–1.62) | (0.92–1.33) | |
| Chronic phlegm | 300 | 81 (27.9) | 193 (66.6) | 51 (17.6) | 230 (76.7) |
| OR | 1.94*** | 1.76*** | 2.67*** | 1.76*** | |
| 95% CI | (1.45–2.58) | (1.35–2.30) | (1.88–3.79) | (1.32–2.36) | |
| Recurrent wheezing | 307 | 98 (32.6) | 193 (64.1) | 36 (12.0) | 236 (76.9) |
| OR | 2.53*** | 1.56*** | 1.57*** | 1.78*** | |
| 95% CI | (1.93–3.33) | (1.20–2.01) | (1.06–2.33) | (1.34–2.38) | |
| Ever wheezing | 465 | 139 (30.6) | 293 (64.1) | 52 (11.5) | 356 (76.6) |
| OR | 2.43*** | 1.60*** | 1.57** | 1.80*** | |
| 95% CI | (1.93–3.07) | (1.29–1.98) | (1.12–2.20) | (1.42–2.28) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated
Residential: regional exposure or near a treated field
domestic: domestic use by a household member or treatment of the house and garden by a professional
paraoccupational: occupational use by a household member
any exposure: residential, domestic or paraoccupational exposure
OR: odds ratio
CI: confidence interval
*: p<0.05
**: p<0.01
***: p<0.001