Between-country and within-country variance in respiratory outcome prevalences
| Respiratory outcome | Between-country variance | Within-country (between-town) variance |
| Cough usually in autumn/winter in the morning | 93.9 | 6.1 |
| Cough last autumn/winter for at least 3 months | 95.4 | 4.6 |
| Wheeze in past 12 months | 89.5 | 10.5 |
| Wheeze with shortness of breath | 64.4 | 35.6 |
| Asthma ever diagnosed by a doctor | 84.6 | 15.4 |
| Bronchitis ever diagnosed by a doctor | 61.9 | 38.1 |
| Asthmatic, spastic or obstructive bronchitis ever diagnosed by a doctor | 90.0 | 10.0 |
| Pneumonia ever diagnosed by a doctor | 21.8 | 78.2 |
Data are presented as % of variance