First author [Ref.] | Subject characteristics | Sputum induction | |||||||||||
Subject n | Sp ind n | Condition | Age yrs | IS n | FEV1 % pred | Method [Ref.] | Safety Assessment | Fall % | |||||
Mean | Min | Type | Interval min | Interruption | Mean | Max | |||||||
Stable asthma or COPD | |||||||||||||
de la Fuente 4 | 30 | 30 | Asthma | 55.0 | 30 | 71.0 | 55.0+ | 1§ | FEV1 | 5 | fall ≥20%ƒ,## | 3.0 | 4.0 |
Pizzichini 10 | 18 | 21 | COPD | 67.1 | 15 | 29.0 | 13.0 | 5 | FEV1 | 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 16.5 | 29.7 |
Grootendorst 12 | 20 | 20 | Asthma | 14.9 | 20 | 85.4 | 60.5 | 12 | FEV1 | 20 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | NA | >20.0 |
VlachosMayer 14 | 93 | 93 | Asthma | 55.8 | 93 | 43.9 | 18.4 | 5 | FEV1 | 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 8.2 | 32.3 |
19 | 19 | COPD | 63.9 | 14 | 35.2 | 20.5 | 5 | FEV1 | 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 9.7 | 29.5 | |
Louis 30 | 22 | 22 | Asthma | 29.0 | 6 | 84.0 | 35.0 | 27 | PEF | 5 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 20.0 | 48.0 |
Exacerbated or uncontrolled asthma | |||||||||||||
Twaddell 8 | 8 | 12 | exac asthma | 12.0 | 6 | 62.0 | 25.0 | 4 | PEF | 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 | fall ≥20,## | NA | 10.0 |
Pizzichini 6 | 10 | 30 | exac asthma | 41.8 | 7 | 48.1 | 37.0 | 1§ | FEV1 | 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 8.2 | 42.0 |
de la Fuente 4 | 8 | 8 | Mild asthma | 48.0 | 4 | 95.0 | 90.0+ | 1§ | FEV1 | 5 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 4.0 | 8.0 |
13 | 13 | Severe asthma | 52.0 | 13 | 61.0 | 50.0+ | 1§ | FEV1 | 5 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 6.0 | 10.0 | |
Pizzichini 11 | 8 | 12 | PREDdep asthma | 54.3 | 8++ | 55.0 | 45.0 | 5 | FEV1 | 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 7.0 | 19.5 |
Pizzichini 34 | 31 | 31 | Uncontrd asthma | 30.8 | None | 73.9 | 19.0 | 1 or 6§ | FEV1 | 7 or 1–2 | fall ≥20ƒ,## | 10.7 | 53.0 |
Sp ind: sputum induction
IS: inhaled steroids
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
% pred: percentage of the predicted value
Min: minimum
Max: maximum
NA: not available
PEF: peak expiratory flow
exac: exacerbation
PREDdep: prednisone dependent
Uncontrd: uncontrolled
#: control subjects not included
¶: all subjects pretreated with bronchodilator (180 or 200 µg salbutamol)
+: 25th percentile
§: modified
ƒ: or specimen obtained
##: or patient experienced discomfort
++: plus prednisone