Number of patients and number of adverse events leading to withdrawal
| Withdrawal cause | Placebo | Formoterol Turbuhaler® | Ipratropium bromide pMDI |
| Withdrawing patients | 17 | 16 | 6 |
| Patients withdrawing due to adverse event | 15 | 16 | 6 |
| Adverse events | 18 | 19 | 6 |
| Deterioration of COPD | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Dyspnoea | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Pneumonia | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Coughing | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory tract infection | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bronchitis | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Viral infection | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fracture | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pneumothorax | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Pruritus | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rash | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroenteritis | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhoea | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal pain | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocytosis | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Data are presented as n
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
pMDI: pressurised metered dose inhaler. More than one reason for withdrawal could be recorded