Sociodemographical and physiological predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Variable | Case | Control | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted# OR (95% CI) | p‐value for adjusted OR |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 48 (32.0) | 50 (44.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.59 |
| Male | 102 (68.0) | 66 (56.0) | 1.56 (0.94, 2.59) | 1.18 (0.64, 2.17) | |
| Age yrs | |||||
| 44–60 | 18 (12.0) | 50 (43.1) | 1 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 61–70 | 51 (34.0) | 45 (38.8) | 3.02 (1.54, 5.93) | 3.68 (1.76, 7.73) | |
| 71–80 | 66 (44.0) | 18 (15.5) | 10.03 (4.74, 21.24) | 13.39 (5.92, 30.29) | |
| >80 | 15 (10.0) | 3 (2.6) | 13.89 (3.59, 53.65) | 13.98 (3.39, 57.70) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| 10–30 pack-yrs | 47 (31.3) | 50 (43.1) | 1 | 1 | 0.30 |
| 31–50 pack-yrs | 55 (36.7) | 38 (32.8) | 1.61 (0.90, 2.88) | 1.73 (0.86, 3.45) | |
| >50 pack-yrs | 48 (32.0) | 28 (24.1) | 1.90 (1.02, 3.54) | 1.29 (0.62, 2.72) | |
| Body mass index | |||||
| Overweight (>25) | 83 (55.3) | 90 (77.6) | 1 | 1 | 0.001 |
| Normal weight (20–25) | 49 (32.7) | 21 (18.1) | 2.53 (1.40, 4.57) | 3.26 (1.62, 6.54) | |
| Underweight (<20) | 12 (8.0) | 4 (3.4) | 3.25 (1.01, 10.48) | 3.26 (0.88, 12.01) | |
| Social class | |||||
| Nonmanual | 74 (49.3) | 69 (59.5) | 1 | 1 | 0.12 |
| Manual | 56 (37.3) | 38 (32.8) | 1.37 (0.81, 2.33) | 1.65 (0.87, 3.13) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated
OR: odds ratio
CI: confidence interval
#: adjusted for vegetable intake, age and body mass index