First author [ref. no.] | Disease n | Setting | Baseline data pH or Pa,O2/Fi,O2 | ETI or “surrogate” | Mortality | Mode plus settings cmH2O and use on day 1 |
Kramer et al. 3 | Mixed 31 | ICU | 7.28 versus 7.27 | 31% versus 73%* | 1/16 versus 2/15 | IPAP 11.3 EPAP 2.6. Use 20.1 h on day 1 |
Wood et al. 6 | Mixed 27 | Casualty | 7.35 versus 7.34 | 7/16 versus 5/11 | 4/16 versus 0/11 | |
Antonelli et al. 22 | Hypoxic ARF 64 | ICU | 116 versus 124 | 10 versus 32 | 28% versus 47% | PSV continuous for 1st 24 h |
Antonelli et al. 23 | Post transpl ARF 40 | ICU | 129 versus 129 | 20% versus 70% | 35% versus 55% | PSV 14–20 PEEP up to 10 |
Confalonieri et al. 24 | Pneumonia 56 | ICU | 183 versus 167 | 21% versus 61% | 7/28 versus 6/28 | PSV 14.8 PEEP 4.9 |
Martin et al. 9 | Mixed 38 | ICU | 7.27 versus 7.28 | 6.4 versus 21.3·100 | 2.4 versus 4.27·100 | IPAP 11 EPAP 5.7 |
103 versus 110 | ICU days* | ICU days* | ||||
Delclaux et al. 25 | Hypoxic ARF | ICU | 140 versus 148 | 21% versus 24% | 19% versus 18% | CPAP |
Hilbert et al. 26 | Immune compromised 52 | ICU | 141 versus 136 | 46% versus 77%* | 38% versus 69%* | PSV at least 45 min every 3 h |
Pa,O2: oxygen tension in arterial blood
Fi,O2: inspiratory oxygen fraction
ETI: endotracheal intubation
ICU: intensive care unit
IPAP: inspiratory positive airway pressure
EPAP: expiratory positive airway pressure
PSV: pressure support ventilation
CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure
*: p<0.05