Some of the factors involved in tumour angiogenesis
| Factors affecting angiogenesis | |
| Stimulators (angiogenic) | Inhibitors (angiostatic) |
| VEGF | Angiostatin |
| a‐ and b‐FGF | Endostatin |
| EGF | TGF‐β |
| TNF‐α | TIMPs |
| Integrins | |
VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor
EGF: endothelial growth factor
FGF: fibroblast growth factor (a‐acidic and b‐basic)
TNF‐α: tumour necrosis factor‐α
TGF‐β: transforming growth factor‐β
TIMPs: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases