Current hypotheses for the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations
| Reduced ciliary clearance | |
| Epithelial disruption | Increased permeability |
| Loss of protective functions | |
| Kinins | |
| Mediator production | Complement |
| Arachidonic acid metabolites | |
| Nitric oxide | |
| Reactive oxygen products | |
| Cytokines | |
| Induction of inflammation | Chemokines |
| Immune cell activation | |
| Adhesion molecule induction | |
| Increased total IgE | |
| IgE dysregulation | Antiviral IgE production |
| Airway smooth muscle | |
| Airway remodelling | Fibroblasts |
| Myofibroblasts | |
| Growth factors | |
| Increased cholinergic sensitivity | |
| Alterations of neural responses | Neuropeptide metabolism modulation |
| β-Adrenergic receptor dysfunction |
IgE: immunoglobulin-E