Demographic data and previous respiratory medication use on screening for the tiotropium and ipratropium groups
| Tiotropium | Ipratropium | |
| Subjects n | 356 | 179 |
| Age yrs | 63.6±8.2 | 64.5±8.1 |
| Sex male/femal % | 84/16 | 86/14 |
| Duration of COPD yrs | 11.4±9.9 | 11.2±9.6 |
| Smoking pack-yrs | 34.3±18.6 | 33.2±16.7 |
| FEV1 L | 1.25±0.43 | 1.18±0.37 |
| FEV1 % pred | 41.9±12.7 | 39.4±10.7 |
| FVC L | 2.76±0.82 | 2.62±0.74 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 45.7±10.4 | 45.5±10.0 |
| Respiratory medication use n (%) | ||
| Any pulmonary medication | 346 (97.2) | 172 (96.1) |
| Anticholinergic | 218 (61.2) | 106 (59.2) |
| β-Adrenergics (inhaled) | 272 (76.4) | 135 (75.4) |
| β-Adrenergics (oral) | 18 (5.1) | 8 (4.5) |
| Steroid (inhaled) | 286 (80.3) | 145 (81.0) |
| Steroid (oral) | 31 (8.7) | 19 (10.6) |
| Theophylline | 58 (16.3) | 27 (15.1) |
Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%)
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
FVC: forced vital capacity
% pred: percentage of the predicted value