Table 3—

Effects of different pressurization rates (PR) at 15 cmH₂O of pressure support ventilation (PSV)

Characteristic	PR
Characteristic	Lowest	Low	Baseline	High	Highest
RR bpm	31±9^#	23±7	27±7	27±7	31±9
VT ml	278±89^¶,##	433±106^##	430±92^##	433±104^##	367±82^##
V'e L·min⁻¹	8.3±2.4^¶	9.9±3.2	11.4±3.3	11.2±2.4	10.9±2.4
ti s	1.1±0.3*	1.1±0.4^¶	0.9±0.2	0.8±0.2	0.8±0.2
ti/t_tot	0.53±0.08^¶	0.45±0.08^¶	0.38±0.04	0.35±0.03	0.38±0.06
tPSV s	1.0±0.3^¶	0.7±0.2^¶	0.4±0.2	0.2±0.13	0.2±0.2⁺
PIF mL·s⁻¹	481±126^¶,##	673±191^¶,##	860±167^##	943±154^##	1121±175^#,##
Dyspnoea cm	3.7±1.8^§ (2–7)	1.5±1.5 (0–5)	1.4±1.4 (0–5)	2.6±1.5 (0–5)	3.1±1.3^f (1–5)
PTP cmH₂O×s/min	276±127^¶,## (165–477)	88±92^## (21–268)	67±67^## (2–151)	60±62^## (4–191)	101±100^## (7–325)
WOB·min⁻¹ J·min⁻¹	10.6±7.4^¶,## (2.9–23.4)	4.9±6.5^## (0.2–17.1)	4.6±5.3^## (0.2–14.9)	4.0±5.1^## (0.3–14.6)	5.6±5.6^## (0.2–12.8)
WOB·L⁻¹ J·L⁻¹	1.2±0.6^¶,##(0.5–2.1)	0.4±0.5^## (0.04–1.3)	0.3±0.3^## (0.01–1)	0.3±0.3^## (0.04–1.2)	0.5±0.5^## (0.08–1.5)
PEEP_i cmH₂O	1.6±1.1	1.5±0.9	1.0±1.2	0.9±0.6	1.7±1.6
P_0.1 cmH₂O	3.5±2^¶	1.7±1.4	1.5±1.2	1.9±1.4	2.0±1.3

Data are presented as mean±sd (range)
RR: respiratory rate
bpm: breaths·min⁻¹
V_T: tidal volume
V’e: minute ventilation
ti: inspiratory time
ti/t_tot: duty cycle
tPSV: time to reach pressure support level
PIF: peak inspiratory flow
dyspnoea: Borg's dyspnoea scale
PTP: pressure time product
WOB·min⁻¹: work of breathing per minute
WOB·L⁻¹ work of breathing per L of ventilation
PEEPi: dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure
P_0.1: mouth occluded airway pressure at 0.1 s
All p-values are <0.05 for the following: ^#: versus low PR
^¶: versus low, baseline, high, highest PR
*: versus high, highest PR
⁺: versus baseline
^§: versus low, baseline, high PR
^f: versus low, baseline PR
^##: versus PSV 5