Randomized controlled studies comparing noninvasive mechanical ventilation to a conventional approach in patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure
| First author (Ref no.) | aetiology | Mode | Number of patients | Endotracheal intubation | Mortality | |||||||||
| NIM | Controls | NIM n (%) | Controls n (%) | RR % | ARR % | NTT n | NIM n (%) | Controls n (%) | RR % | ARR % | NTT n | |||
| Rasanen 30 | CPOE | CPAP | 20 | 20 | 6 (30) | 12 (60) | 50 | 30 | 3.3 | 3 (15) | 4 (20) | 25 | 5 | 20.0 |
| Bersten 1 | CPOE | CPAP | 19 | 20 | 0 (0) | 7 (35) | 100 | 35 | 2.9 | 2 (11) | 4 (20) | 47 | 9 | 10.6 |
| Lin 28 | CPOE | CPAP | 50 | 50 | 8 (16) | 18 (36) | 56 | 20 | 5.0 | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | 33 | 2 | 50.0 |
| Sharon 35 | CPOE | BIPAP | 20 | 20 | 16 (80) | 4 (20) | * | * | * | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | * | * | * |
| Masip 34 | CPOE | BIPAP | 19 | 18 | 1 (5) | 6 (33) | 84 | 28 | 3.6 | 0 (0) | 2 (18) | 100 | 11 | 9.0 |
| Delclaux 32 | Miscellaneous | CPAP | 62 | 61 | 21 (34) | 24 (39) | 14 | 5 | 18.3 | 19 (31) | 19 (31) | * | * | * |
| Wysocki 31 | Miscellaneous | BIPAP | 21 | 20 | 13 (62) | 14 (70) | 12 | 8 | 12.4 | 7 (33) | 10 (50) | 33 | 17 | 6.0 |
| Metha 2 | CPOE | BIPAP | 13 | 14 | 1 (8) | 1 (7) | * | * | * | 1 (8) | 2 (14) | 46 | 7 | 15.2 |
| Antonelli 5 | Miscellaneous | BIPAP | 32 | 32 | 10 (31) | 32 (100) | 69 | 69 | 1.5 | 9 (28) | 15 (47) | 40 | 19 | 5.3 |
| Confalioneri 27 | CAOP | BIPAP | 28 | 28 | 6 (21) | 17 (61) | 65 | 39 | 2.5 | 7 (25) | 6 (21) | * | * | * |
| Martin 29 | Miscellaneous | BIPAP | 32 | 29 | 9 (28) | 17 (59) | 52 | 30 | 3.3 | 5 (16) | 10 (34) | 55 | 19 | 5.3 |
| Antonelli 14 | Organ transplant | BIPAP | 20 | 20 | 4 (20) | 14 (70) | 71 | 50 | 2.0 | 4 (20) | 10 (50) | 60 | 30 | 3.3 |
| Hilbert 33 | Immunosupressed | BIPAP | 26 | 26 | 12 (46) | 20 (77) | 40 | 31 | 3.3 | 13 (50) | 21 (81) | 38 | 31 | 3.3 |
NIM: noninvasive mechanical ventilation; HRF: hypoxaemic respiratory failure; CPOE: cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; CAP: community acquired pneumonia; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure; RR: relative risk; ARR: absolute risk reduction; NTT: number of patients to treat. *: the treatment effect is in the other side, i.e. conventional treatment improves the outcome