Some causes and associations of constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis
Postinfectious (ususlly viral) |
Adenovirus |
Respiratory syncytial virus |
Influenza |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Inhalational injury |
Nitrogen dioxide (silo-filler's disease) |
Sulfur dioxide |
Ammonia |
Phosgene |
Hot gases |
Connective tissue disorders |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Sjögren's syndrome |
(others very rarely) |
Transplant recipients |
Bone marrow transplant |
Drugs |
Penicillamine |
Lomustine |
Other conditions |
Inflammatory bowel diseases |
Bronchiectasis, including cystic fibrosis |
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
Microcarcinoid tumourlets |
Sauropus androgynus ingestion |
Paraneoplastic pemphigus |
Truly cryptogenic cases of constrictive bronchiolitis are exceedingly rare