Table 2—

Some causes and associations of constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis

Postinfectious (ususlly viral)
Adenovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Influenza
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Inhalational injury
Nitrogen dioxide (silo-filler's disease)
Sulfur dioxide
Ammonia
Phosgene
Hot gases
Connective tissue disorders
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjögren's syndrome
(others very rarely)
Transplant recipients
Bone marrow transplant
Drugs
Penicillamine
Lomustine
Other conditions
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Bronchiectasis, including cystic fibrosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Microcarcinoid tumourlets
Sauropus androgynus ingestion
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
  • Truly cryptogenic cases of constrictive bronchiolitis are exceedingly rare