Subject characteristics.
| Parameter | COPD patients | Normal subjects |
| Subjects n | 10 | 7 |
| Age yrs | 65±7 | 67±6 |
| Height cm | 171±11 | 172±10 |
| Weight kg | 69±12 | 72±14 |
| Male: Female | 6:4 | 4:3 |
| Pulmonary function | ||
| FEV1 L | 0.92±0.43 | 2.87±0.60 |
| FEV1 %pred | 31±10 | 100±16 |
| FVC L | 2.9±0.8 | 3.9±0.8 |
| FVC %pred | 76±15 | 107±12 |
| FEV1 FVC, % | 32±7 | 74±9 |
| TLC L | 7.3±1.5 | 6.3±1.2 |
| TLC %pred | 126±10 | 109±10 |
| RV L | 4.3±1.3 | 2.4±0.7 |
| RV %pred | 200±45 | 109±24 |
| TL, CO %pred | 41±12 | 105±13 |
| VA L | 3.8±1.1 | 5.7±1.1 |
| TAV L | 3.5±1.1 | 0.7±0.2 |
| TAV/TLC % | 48±10 | 12±3 |
| CPX peak values | ||
| Work rate W | 54±17 | 157±56 |
| V'O2 mL·min | 908±293 | 1802±669 |
| V'CO2 mL·min | 879±340 | 2221±826 |
| V'E L·min | 31.7±11.6 | 67.7±30.3 |
| V'E %MVV | 86±14 | 50±9 |
| HR bpm | 125±16 | 153±11 |
| Sa,O2 rest % | 95.7±0.8 | 97.3±0.5 |
| Sa,O2 ex % | 92.1±2.8 | 97.7±0.8 |
Data are presented as mean±SD
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
FVC: forced vital capacity
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
TLC: total lung capacity
RV: residual volume
TL, CO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
VA: alveolar volume
TAV: trapped air volume
CPX: incremental cardiopulmonary exercise
V'O2: oxygen uptake
V'CO2: carbon dioxide output
V'E: minute ventilation
HR: heart rate
Sa,O2: arterial oxygen saturation