Table 1– Prevalence of resistance to first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

	New patients	Previously treated patients	RR (95% CI)	p-value
Drug-resistance pattern n	1102	25
Susceptible to all 4 drugs	980 (88.7, 86.8–90.7)	19 (76.6, 59.8–93.4)	0.8 (0.7–1.1)	0.044
Resistance to any drug	122 (11.3, 9.3–13.2)	6 (23.3, 6.6–40.2)	2.2 (1.1–4.4)	0.044
Any resistance to
H	85 (7.8, 6.0–9.6)	4 (15.0, 0.0–31.0)	2.1 (0.8–5.2)	0.129
R	40 (3.7, 2.4–5.1)	5 (19.6, 4.0–35.1)	5.5 (2.4–12.8)	0.000
E	15 (1.5, 0.6–2.4)	2 (6.0, 0.0–15.4)	5.9 (1.4–24.3)	0.007
S	80 (7.4, 5.9–9.0)	3 (9.8, 0.0–22.1)	1.6 (0.6–4.9)	0.370
Monoresistance to
H	31 (2.8, 1.8–3.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.395
R	2 (0.2, 0.0–0.5)	2 (8.4, 0.0–19.5)	44.1 (6.5–300.5)	0.000
E	0 (0)	0 (0)
S	34 (3.2, 2.1–4.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.373
Total	67 (6.2, 4.7–7.7)	2 (8.4, 0.0–19.5)	1.3 (0.3–5.1)	0.692
Multidrug resistance to
HR	8 (0.7, 0.1–1.2)	1 (5.1, 0.0–16.2)	5.5 (0.7–42.4)	0.069
HRE	1 (0.1, 0.0–0.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.880
HRS	18 (1.6, 0.7–2.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.520
HRES	11 (1.1, 0.3–2.0)	2 (6.0, 0.0–15.4)	8.0 (1.9–34.3)	0.001
Total	38 (3.5, 2.2–4.8)	3 (11.2, 0.0–25.2)	3.5 (1.2–10.5)	0.024
Other patterns
HE	0 (0)	0 (0)
HS	14 (1.2, 0.6–1.9)	1 (3.8, 0.0–12.1)	3.1 (0.4–23.0)	0.239
ES	1 (0.1, 0.0–0.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.880
HES	2 (0.2, 0.0–0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.831
RE	0 (0)	0 (0)
RS	0 (0)	0 (0)
RES	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total	17 (1.5, 0.8–2.3)	1 (3.8, 0.0–12.1)	2.6 (0.4–18.7)	0.333

Data are presented as n (%, 95% CI), unless otherwise stated. Risk ratio (RR) was calculated to access risk difference between patients newly diagnosed and previously treated for TB. H: isoniazid; R: rifampicin; E: ethambutol; S: streptomycin.