Table 2– Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with discrete differences in 321 baseline individual pulmonary function tests and composite physiology index
HR (95% CI)#p-value
Difference in FEV1 % pred
 5% less1.1 (1.0–1.1)0.015
 10% less1.1 (1.0–1.2)0.015
 15% less1.2 (1.0–1.3)0.015
Difference in FVC % pred
 5% less1.1 (1.0–1.1)0.003
 10% less1.2 (1.1–1.3)0.003
 15% less1.2 (1.1–1.4)0.003
Difference in DL,CO % pred
 5% less1.1 (1.1–1.2)<0.001
 10% less1.2 (1.1–1.4)<0.001
 15% less1.4 (1.2–1.6)<0.001
Difference in CPI
 5 points more1.2 (1.1–1.2)<0.001
 10 points more1.3 (1.2–1.5)<0.001
 15 points more1.6 (1.3–1.9)<0.001

  • FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; DL,CO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; CPI: composite physiologic index. #: HRs are based on Cox models that assume a continuous change in each value. The hazards have been tabulated at clinically relevant differences. For example, a patient with a baseline FVC 10% less than another patient has a 20% increased hazard (HR 1.2).