Radiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension and concomitant abnormalities
| Signs of PH and concomitant abnormalities | Signs of left heart disease/pulmonary congestion | Signs of lung disease |
| Right heart enlargement | Central air space opacification | Flattening of diaphragm (COPD/emphysema) |
| PA enlargement (including aneurysmal dilatation) | Interlobular septal thickening ‘Kerley B’ lines | Hyperlucency (COPD/emphysema) |
| Pruning of the peripheral vessels | Pleural effusions | Lung volume loss (fibrotic lung disease) |
| ‘Water-bottle’ shape of cardiac silhouettea | Left atrial enlargement (including splayed carina) | Reticular opacification (fibrotic lung disease) |
| Left ventricular dilation |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PA, pulmonary artery; PH, pulmonary hypertension. aMay be present in patients with PH with advanced right ventricular failure and moderate pericardial effusion.