ALSPAC (UK) | EDEN (France) | Generation R (the Netherlands) | Lifeways (Ireland) | REPRO_PL (Poland) | ROLO (Ireland) | SWS (UK) | ||||
Total participants | 10 130 | 843 | 4263 | 224 | 523 | 301 | 2042 | |||
Inclusion years | 1990–1992 | 2003–2006 | 2002–2006 | 2001–2003 | 2007–2011 | 2007–2011 | 1998–2002 | |||
Pregnancy | ||||||||||
FFQ (GA in weeks)# | 32 | 24–28 | Birth | <24 | 12–16 | 20–24 | ≤28 | PP | 11 | 34 |
FFQ assessed period | LP | PP | LP | EP | EP | EP | EP | PP | EP | LP |
E-DII score | 0.51±1.82 | 0.76±1.65 | −0.43±1.10 | −0.12±1.43 | −1.10±1.54 | 0.12±1.74 | 0.27±1.49 | |||
DASH score | 24.1±4.0 | 24.3±4.1 | 24.4±4.4 | 25.2±4.5 | 24.1±4.4 | 24.2±4.1 | 24.1±4.3 | |||
Preschool wheezing | ||||||||||
Participants | 9313 | 840 | 2876 | NA | 370 | NA | 2037 | |||
Age (years)# | 0–3.5 | 0–4 | 1–4 | NA | 1–2 | NA | 0–3 | |||
Yes % (n) | 54.4 (5070) | 36.8 (309) | 49.7 (1429) | NA | 18.4 (68) | NA | 56.1 (1142) | |||
School-age asthma | ||||||||||
Participants n | 7506 | 842 | 3510 | 224 | 275 | 301 | 1421 | |||
Age (years)# | 8 | 5–8 | 9 | 9 | 7–8 | 5 | 5 | |||
Yes % (n) | 20.3 (1525) | 12.1 (102) | 8.9 (312) | 5.4 (12) | 6.2 (17) | 7.6 (23) | 14.2 (202) | |||
Lung function | ||||||||||
Participants n | 5766 | 838 | 3651 | NA | 264 | NA | 730 | |||
Age (years) | 8.6 (8.3–9.5) | 5.6 (5.4–6.0) | 9.8 (9.4–10.7) | NA | 7.2 (7.0–8.8) | NA | 6.5 (6.2–6.9) | |||
FEV1 (z-score) | −0.03±1.01 | −0.70±1.45 | 0.17±0.98 | NA | −0.32±1.74 | NA | 0.09±0.98 | |||
FVC (z-score) | −0.04±1.02 | −1.00±1.48 | 0.21±0.93 | NA | −0.44±1.85 | NA | 0.15±1.06 | |||
FEV1/FVC (z-score) | 0.05±1.07 | 0.87±1.06 | −0.11±0.95 | NA | 0.30±1.25 | NA | −0.08±1.06 | |||
FEF25–75 (z-score) | −0.15±1.02 | −0.39±1.09 | 0.43±1.08 | NA | −0.14±1.01 | NA | −0.25±0.92 |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd, median (95% range) or valid percentages (absolute numbers). ALSPAC: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; SWS: Southampton Women's Survey; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; GA: gestational age; E-DII: energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEF25–75: forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; PP: pre-pregnancy; LP: late pregnancy (third trimester); EP: early pregnancy (first or second trimester); NA: not available. #: time period of questionnaire assessment.