Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence limits (95% CL) for all-cause mortality from Cox regression using Global Lung Function Initiative predictions according to the proposed four-tier grading system from z-score cut-points
| FVC z-score | FEV1 z-score | HR (95% CL) | Population distribution % | Male % | Age years | FVC PP | FEV1 PP | HR (95% CL) | Population distribution % | Male % | Age years | |
| All patients | n=13 829 | |||||||||||
| Normal | ≥LLN | 1 | 70.8 | 52.7 | 59.7 | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 70.8 | 52.7 | 59.7 | ||
| Mild | ≥−3.0 | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 21.4 | 56.2 | 58.2 | ≥60 | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 19.4 | 55.1 | 55.6 | ||
| Moderate | ≥−5.0 | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 7.3 | 58.3 | 53.2 | ≥40 | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 8.7 | 58.8 | 59.1 | ||
| Severe | <−5.0 | 4.9 (3.5–6.9) | 0.5 | 48.6 | 39.0 | <40 | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 1.1 | 66.0 | 55.0 | ||
| FEV1/FVC <LLN | n=4862 | |||||||||||
| Normal | ≥LLN | 1 | 21.4 | 57.3 | 61.7 | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 21.4 | 57.3 | 61.7 | ||
| Mild | ≥−3.0 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 36.0 | 59.7 | 63.6 | ≥60 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 22.0 | 59.2 | 57.8 | ||
| Moderate | ≥−5.0 | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 37.5 | 58.6 | 60.0 | ≥40 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 31.7 | 56.0 | 62.8 | ||
| Severe | <−5.0 | 4.3 (3.4–5.6) | 5.1 | 52.6 | 44.3 | <40 | 2.3 (1.9–2.6) | 24.9 | 61.8 | 60.3 | ||
Data are presented as mean, unless otherwise stated. FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LLN: lower limit of normal.