Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence limits (95% CL) for all-cause mortality from Cox regression using Global Lung Function Initiative predictions according to the Quanjer six-level grading system from z-score cut-points [9] and the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society six-level grading from percentage predicted (PP) for airflow obstruction [6]
| FVC z-score | FEV1 z-score | HR (95% CL) | Population distribution % | Male % | Age years | FVC PP | FEV1 PP | HR (95% CL) | Population distribution % | Male % | Age years | |
| All patients | n=13 829 | |||||||||||
| Normal | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 70.8 | 52.7 | 59.7 | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 70.8 | 52.7 | 59.7 | ||
| Mild | ≥−2.0 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 7.8 | 54.1 | 58.9 | ≥70% | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 9.2 | 54.4 | 50.8 | ||
| Moderate | ≥−2.5 | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | 7.8 | 55.1 | 57.9 | ≥60% | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | 10.2 | 55.7 | 59.9 | ||
| Moderately severe | ≥−3.0 | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 5.8 | 60.5 | 57.7 | ≥50% | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | 5.9 | 57.6 | 59.7 | ||
| Severe | ≥−4.0 | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 5.5 | 57.1 | 55.0 | ≥35% | 3.2 (2.9–3.6) | 3.5 | 61.9 | 57.8 | ||
| Very severe | <−4.0 | 4.0 (3.4–4.7) | 2.3 | 59.2 | 45.7 | <35% | 4.6 (3.4–6.2) | 0.4 | 52.1 | 52.1 | ||
| FEV1/FVC <LLN (airflow obstruction) | n=4862 | |||||||||||
| Normal | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 21.4 | 57.1 | 61.7 | ≥LLN | 1.0 | 21.4 | 57.1 | 61.7 | ||
| Mild | ≥−2.0 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 8.1 | 61.8 | 63.0 | ≥70% | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 6.9 | 58.5 | 51.4 | ||
| Moderate | ≥−2.5 | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 13.8 | 59.8 | 63.3 | ≥60% | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 15.1 | 59.5 | 60.8 | ||
| Moderately severe | ≥−3.0 | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 14.2 | 58.4 | 64.3 | ≥50% | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 16.5 | 57.1 | 62.7 | ||
| Severe | ≥−4.0 | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 24.5 | 59.3 | 62.3 | ≥35% | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 22.3 | 56.4 | 63.0 | ||
| Very severe | <−4.0 | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 18.1 | 56.0 | 52.5 | <35% | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 17.7 | 59.2 | 59.2 | ||
Data are presented as mean, unless otherwise stated. FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LLN: lower limit of normal.