TABLE 2

Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with survival

	Reference	Modality	Univariate		Reference	Modality	Multivariate
	Reference	Modality	HR (95% CI)	p-value	Reference	Modality	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Age at lung transplant >50 years	No	Yes	2.21 (1.06–4.60)	0.03			2.38 (1.13–5.00)	0.02
Sex	Male	Female	0.74 (0.31–1.52)	0.42
Caucasian	No	Yes	0.69 (0.31–1.52)	0.35
Body mass index	Continuous		1.06 (0.98 –1.14)	0.18
Smoker	No	Yes	0.69 (0.34–1.39)	0.29
CMV D positive/R negative	No	Yes	1.97 (0.92–4.23)	0.08
Blood group A	No	Yes	1.6 (0.83 –3.09)	0.16
Blood group O	No	Yes	0.66 (0.33 –1.33)	0.25
Extrathoracic sarcoidosis	No	Yes	2.16 (1.08–4.37)	0.04			1.66 (0.75–3.67)	0.21
WHO functional class III–IV	No	Yes	0.97 (0.20–1.57)	0.45
6-min walk distance (n=97)	Continuous		1 (1.00–1.00)	0.94
FVC	Continuous		0.96 (0.94–1.19)	0.11
FEV₁	Continuous		0.65 (0.45–1.06)	0.1
FEV₁/FVC <0.7	No	Yes	1 (0.98–1.02)	0.96
Total lung capacity	Continuous		1 (0.98–1.01)	0.86
D_LCO	Continuous		1 (0.96–1.04)	0.89
P_aO₂	Continuous		0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.19
P_aCO₂	Continuous		1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.08
Right atrial pressure	Continuous		1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.59
Pulmonary wedge pressure	Continuous		0.95 (0.87–1.05)	0.32
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure	Continuous		0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.16
Cardiac index	Continuous		1.32 (0.93–1.89)	0.12
Pulmonary artery diameter/aorta diameter	Continuous		0.82 (0.29–2.38)	0.97
Extent of ground-glass opacities	Continuous		1.01 (0.88–1.16)	0.86
Extent of emphysema	Continuous		1.03 (0.95–1.13)	0.39
Extent of central masses	Continuous		1.05 (0.89–1.24)	0.53
Extent of fibrosis	Continuous		1.03 (0.98–1.09)	0.2
Cavity containing solid material	No	Yes	0.54 (0.12–2.35)	0.41
High-emergency transplant programme	No	Yes	0.51 (0.16–1.68)	0.27
Ischaemic time right (n=59)	Continuous		1 (1.00–1.00)	0.47
Ischaemic time left (n=44)	Continuous		1 (1.00–1.00)	0.83
Induction (n=83)	No	Yes	1.83 (0.84–3.99)	0.13
Post-transplant thoracotomy for bleeding	No	Yes	1.3 (0.58–2.90)	0.53
Primary graft dysfunction grade 3 at 72 h	No	Yes	1.19 (0.24–2.54)	0.66
Haemothorax	No	Yes	0.79 (0.28–2.25)	0.28
Lung phenotypes^#
Fibrosis	None	Yes	10.81 (1.38–84.81)	0.05	None	Yes	10.72 (1.36–84.28)	0.01
Fibrosis, airflow obstruction	None	Yes	9.07 (1.09–75.49)	0.05	None	Yes	5.66 (0.65–49.22)	0.12
Airflow obstruction	None	Yes	5.96 (0.71–49.64)	0.1	None	Yes	6.2 (0.73–52.84)	0.1
sPH, fibrosis	None	Yes	2.74 (0.25–30.34)	0.41	None	Yes	2.26 (0.20–25.10)	0.51
sPH, airflow obstruction	None	Yes	3.06 (0.36–26.29)	0.31	None	Yes	4.05 (0.46–35.71)	0.21
sPH, airflow obstruction, fibrosis	None	Yes	3.67 (0.41–32.97)	0.24	None	Yes	3.17 (0.35–28.97)	0.31
sPH	None	Yes	5.47 (0.49–60.57)	0.22	None	Yes	8.9 (0.78 –101.52)	0.09

Lung phenotypes were 1) extended fibrosis only, if fibrosis extent on thoracic high-resolution computed tomography >7 (median value); 2) airflow obstruction if there was an obstructive ventilatory defect defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.7; 3) airflow obstruction combined with severe pulmonary hypertension (sPH) defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg or as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg plus cardiac index ≤2.0 L·min⁻¹·m⁻²; 4) sPH, airflow obstruction and fibrosis; 5) sPH and fibrosis; 6) airflow obstruction and fibrosis; 7) sPH; and 8) none of these criteria. These phenotypes were found in 17%, 16%, 17%, 14%, 11%, 9%, 5% and 11% of our patients, respectively (figure 2). HR: hazard ratio; CMV: cytomegalovirus; WHO: World Health Organization; D_LCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; P_aO₂: arterial oxygen tension; P_aCO₂: arterial carbon dioxide tension. ^#: lung phenotypes were defined according to the presence of measurement values over thresholds defining predominant patterns.