Cluster characteristics of participants with moderate-to-severe asthma
| 1) High movers | 2) Poorly active | 3) Moderately active, obese and distressed | 4) Inactive, obese and distressed | |
| Participants n | 76 | 80 | 69 | 71 |
| Brazilian % | 88 | 60 | 100 | 83 |
| Australian % | 12 | 40 | 0 | 17 |
| Anthropometric/asthma data | ||||
| Female | 60 (79) | 48 (60)# | 62 (90)¶ | 61 (86)#,¶ |
| Age years | 45.0 (38.5–53.5) | 47.5 (36.5–58.0) | 49.0 (40.7–54.0) | 46.0 (41.0–55.0) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 27.6±4.9 | 29.3±5.7 | 33.1±5.8#,¶ | 33.2±6.2#,¶ |
| Ex-smoker | 18 (24) | 18 (23) | 15 (22) | 17 (24) |
| Onset of childhood asthma | 56 (74) | 46 (58) | 44 (64) | 45 (63) |
| Pulmonary function | ||||
| FEV1 % predicted | 72.8±19.1 | 69.3±20.8 | 71.4±18.1 | 65.6±19.6 |
| FVC % predicted | 86.2±14.7 | 82.3±17.6 | 85.1±16.5 | 79.5±17.9 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.68±0.11 | 0.67±0.12 | 0.69±0.09 | 0.66±0.10 |
| Asthma medication | ||||
| ICS dose µg·day−1 | 1600 (1100–1600) | 2000 (1600–2000)# | 1600 (1600–2400)# | 2000 (1600–2400)# |
| LABA use | 69 (90.7) | 75 (93.7) | 67 (97.1) | 67 (94.3) |
| Asthma control | ||||
| ACQ-7 score | 1.3 (0.7–1.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4)# | 2.0 (1.5–2.7)# | 2.7 (2.2–3.4)#,¶,+ |
| Uncontrolled asthma | 29 (38) | 53 (67)# | 52 (75)# | 64 (92)#,¶,+ |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Steps steps·day−1 | 9249 (7814–10 998) | 5193 (4309–6206)# | 7380 (6113–9281)#,¶ | 4606 (3669–5569)#,+ |
| MVPA min·day−1 | 33.7 (20.3–54.8) | 19.6 (12.8–28.2)# | 27.2 (14.7–42.2)# | 13.6 (8.2–19.0)#,¶,+ |
| Sedentary time h·day−1 | 7.9±1.6 | 10.1±1.8# | 7.8 ±1.4¶ | 9.8±1.8#,+ |
| Health status | ||||
| AQLQ total score | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) | 5.3 (4.5–5.8) | 3.2 (2.7–3.9)#,¶ | 3.5 (2.9–4.1)#,¶ |
| AQLQ symptoms score | 5.2 (4.3–6.0) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | 3.7 (2.9–4.4)#,¶ | 3.6 (2.8–4.6)#,¶ |
| AQLQ activity limitation score | 4.5 (3.8–5.5) | 5.3 (4.5–6.0) | 3.2 (2.5–3.7)#,¶ | 3.4 (2.8–4.1)#,¶ |
| AQLQ emotional function score | 5.1 (3.4–6.4) | 5.6 (4.6–6.4) | 3.0 (2.0–3.8)#,¶ | 3.8 (2.6–4.6)#,¶ |
| AQLQ environmental stimuli score | 4.9 (3.2–5.7) | 5.5 (4.2–6.2) | 2.5 (1.7–3.5) | 3.2 (2.5–4.8) |
| HAD-A score | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 13.0 (10.0–15.0)#,¶ | 10.0 (8.0–12.0)#,¶,+ |
| HAD-D score | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 13.0 (10.0–15.0)#,¶ | 9.0 (6.0–11.0)#,¶,+ |
Data are presented as mean±sd, median (25th–75th) or n (%), unless otherwise indicated. BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids (total daily dose beclomethasone equivalent); LABA: long-acting β2-agonists; ACQ-7: Asthma Control Questionnaire with seven questions; MVPA: moderate and vigorous physical activity; AQLQ: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; HAD-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HAD-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression. #: p<0.05 versus cluster 1; ¶: p<0.05 versus cluster 2; +: p<0.05 versus cluster 3.