Baseline characteristics and follow-up findings in patients with severe/critical and mild /moderate COVID-19
| COVID-19 survivors | Severe/critical disease (n=66) | Mild/moderate disease (n=47) | |
| Number (%), mean (sd), median (IQR) | p-value# | ||
| CHARACTERSTICS AT BASELINE | |||
| Gender, men/women | 40/26 | 27/20 | 0.89 |
| Age, years | 60.3 (12.0) | 52.9 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Ever smokers %¶ | 56% | 37% | 0.16 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8 (5.7) | 25.5 (4.7) | 0.02 |
| D-Dimers, µg/L+ | 1011 (366–1989) | 387 (1–658) | 0.26 |
| Mechanical ventilation# | 71% | – | – |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days# | 11.9 (9.5–18) | – | – |
| COMORBIDITIES | |||
| Interstitial lung disease | 6% | 3% | 0.58 |
| COPD | 12% | 3% | 0.18 |
| Asthma | 9% | 19% | 0.32 |
| Arterial hypertension | 55% | 8% | 0.003 |
| Diabetes | 35% | 0% | 0.04 |
| GERD | 10% | 9% | 1 |
| Sleep apnea | 16% | 3% | 0.09 |
| Chronic heart failure | 10% | 9% | 1 |
| Chronic renal failure | 19% | 0% | 0.009 |
| Cancer | 6% | 5% | 1 |
| Depression or antiety | 12% | 7% | 0.66 |
| PULMONARY FUNCTION AT FOLLOW-UP (n=72) | |||
| FEV/FVC, % | 94.7 (13.7) | 84.2 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| TLC, L | 5.22 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.6) | 0.050 |
| TLC, % predicted | 86.0 (20.0) | 102.0 (19.3) | 0.047 |
| FVC, L | 3.28 (1.01) | 4.12 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| FVC, % predicted | 86.6 (20.1) | 95.6 (17.9) | 0.02 |
| FEV1, L | 2.64 (0.8) | 3.34 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 89.4 (20.7) | 94.0 (15.6) | 0.19 |
| DLCO, % predicted | 73.2 (18.4) | 95.3 (20.6) | 0.003 |
| PImax, kPa | 10.3 (8.8) | 8.1 (2.6) | 0.14 |
| PEmax, kPa | 8.7 (3.3) | 10.3 (4.1) | 0.20 |
| OXYGENATION AT FOLLOW-UP (n=72) | |||
| paO2, mmHg | 79.0 (12.2) | 87.5 (9.0) | 0.0002 |
| 6-MWD, meters | 456 (105) | 576 (78) | 0.001 |
| O2 nadir on 6MWT | 90 (4.5) | 93 (3.1) | 0.001 |
| O2 desaturation 6MWT | 5.6 (3.8) | 2.6 (3.1) | 0.02 |
#p-values from two-sample t-tests, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, chi square test, or Fisher's Exact Test.
¶38 missing,.
+59 missing, *11 missing.
Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CT: computed tomography DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FEV1: forced vital capacity in 1 min; FVC: forced vital capacity; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; paO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen; PImax: maximal inspiratory pressure; PEmax: maximal expiratory pressure; TLC: total lung capacity; 6MWD: 6-min walk distance; 6MWT: 6-min walk test.