Characteristic | DLCO | p-value | ||||
>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN (G1) | >GLI LLN but <SCAPIS LLN (G2) | <GLI LLN and <SCAPIS LLN (G3) | G1 versus G2 | G1 versus G3 | G2 versus G3 | |
Subjects | 13 600 (90.4) | 860 (5.7) | 580 (3.9) | |||
Age years | 57.5±4.3 | 56.9±4.3 | 59.1±4.1 | |||
Female % | 51.6 | 53.6 | 54.7 | |||
Smoking habits % | ||||||
Never smokers | 47.7 | 30.2 | 18.8 | |||
Former smokers | 37.4 | 34.8 | 31.6 | |||
Current smokers | 11.6 | 31.9 | 48.1 | |||
Missing information | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1.6 | |||
Cough % | 17.3 | 27.9 | 39.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Chronic bronchitis % | 4.4 | 8.3 | 13.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Sputum production % | 10.3 | 18.3 | 26.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Wheeze % | 6.6 | 12.8 | 23.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Dyspnoea# % | 9.0 | 17.6 | 36.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Sick leave due to respiratory problems % | 4.5 | 7.0 | 11.0 | 0.013 | <0.001 | 0.015 |
Having reported asthma % | 7.8 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 0.640 | 0.082 | 0.353 |
Having reported COPD % | 0.9 | 3.1 | 11.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Emphysema¶ % | 4.5 | 14.3 | 32.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC <SCAPIS LLN % | 8.8 | 18.2 | 37.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC <GLI LLN % | 3.9 | 8.5 | 26.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. #: modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score ≥2; ¶: based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings.