Cytokine/chemokine concentrations following chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection and “early” antibiotic treatment
| Concentration pg·500 µg−1 | ||||||||
| Vehicle aero | TOB aero# | Vehicle s.c. | TOB s.c.¶ | Vehicle aero | COL aero+ | Vehicle s.c. | COL s.c.§ | |
| IL-1α | 16.58±2.86 | 7.31±0.32** | 12.48±1.95 | 6.34±0.47* | 13.37±3.14 | 7.05±0.55 | 10.62±2.16 | 9.42±0.99 |
| IL-1β | 7.07±1.07 | 8.90±0.74 | 6.34±0.41 | 7.94±1.07 | 7.60±1.12 | 6.72±0.78 | 6.06±0.24 | 5.10±0.42 |
| IL-2 | 4.33±0.09 | 7.49±0.89** | 5.49±0.59 | 5.86±0.04 | 6.16±0.82 | 6.98±0.89 | 4.91±0.64 | 6.12±0.76 |
| IL-3 | 2.24±0.14 | 2.52±0.18 | 2.44±0.17 | 2.89±0.07 | 2.36±0.20 | 2.45±0.32 | 2.13±0.13 | 1.86±0.07 |
| IL-5 | 2.40±0.22 | 2.51±0.06 | 2.37±0.09 | 3.10±0.15** | 1.90±0.28 | 2.41±0.42 | 2.30±0.16 | 1.86±0.10 |
| IL-6 | 4.88±0.20 | 3.72±0.35* | 4.45±0.34 | 3.15±0.08* | 4.38±0.43 | 4.01±0.56 | 3.54±0.16 | 3.88±0.10 |
| IL-9 | 16.49±0.48 | 19.44±1.21* | 17.78±0.25 | 15.18±0.11 | 19.78±0.83 | 17.30±1.20 | 15.37±0.75 | 17.70±1.68 |
| IL-10 | 9.44±0.53 | 9.65±0.83 | 10.65±0.60 | 10.41±0.47 | 9.87±1.35 | 8.41±1.46 | 8.20±0.45 | 6.88±0.71 |
| IL-12p40 | 68.07±6.68 | 37.67±3.42*** | 59.37±4.66 | 32.50±2.47** | 64.00±7.71 | 33.56±4.20** | 48.88±8.11 | 37.17±0.71 |
| IL-12p70 | 26.77±2.45 | 20.46±1.77 | 26.56±2.86 | 22.80±1.42 | 19.69±3.40 | 19.58±3.15 | 20.13±1.98 | 17.05±1.23 |
| IL-13 | 63.53±4.62 | 81.55±4.38* | 74.97±3.83 | 83.52±3.25 | 68.18±5.55 | 72.57±5.84 | 62.75±2.25 | 59.91±3.96 |
| IL-17A | 15.08±2.24 | 6.01±0.17** | 16.82±1.37 | 7.60±0.82** | 16.02±3.68 | 6.64±0.80* | 11.98±0.50 | 11.04±1.41 |
| Eotaxin | 637±67.26 | 489±59.16 | 634±31.45 | 448±47.34 | 566±22.74 | 439±17.84** | 534±41.19 | 492±27.48 |
| G-CSF | 8.50±0.95 | 7.26±0.00 | 8.26±0.51 | 7.26±0.00 | 8.87±1.05 | 7.26±0.00 | 7.34±0.08 | 7.26±0.00 |
| GM-CSF | 11.82±1.16 | 12.22±1.47 | 12.28±0.64 | 14.61±0.91 | 10.59±1.56 | 12.10±1.66 | 8.92±1.16 | 8.80±0.94 |
| IFN-γ | 24.84±1.72 | 28.83±1.84 | 26.24±0.94 | 23.24±0.36 | 26.11±1.59 | 22.86±2.28 | 22.99±0.70 | 22.46±2.47 |
| KC | 87.11±17.82 | 22.96±3.38*** | 49.11±7.62 | 23.85±3.43 | 53.02±10.71 | 37.19±12.03 | 39.43±4.81 | 46.16±12.49 |
| MCP-1 | 150±15.00 | 108±12.14 | 123±10.31 | 121±9.36 | 121±17.53 | 102±19.48 | 119±3.88 | 87.91±5.63 |
| MIP-1α | 21.19±4.72 | 3.32±0.30** | 17.06±4.22 | 2.56±0.27* | 15.59±5.05 | 2.79±0.30* | 13.46±4.03 | 9.73±2.49 |
| MIP-1β | 27.40±1.99 | 26.89±3.08 | 30.13±2.78 | 20.10±0.89* | 25.59±1.04 | 22.49±1.34 | 24.24±1.56 | 25.19±1.37 |
| RANTES | 324±67.69 | 69.49±6.66*** | 234±33.58 | 65.56±8.55* | 173±25.56 | 65.29±6.77* | 176±31.75 | 147±31.85 |
| TNF-α | 44.31±4.31 | 34.57±1.71* | 43.25±0.31 | 32.25±2.79* | 33.59±2.13 | 32.79±4.05 | 31.41±1.09 | 32.12±2.86 |
Data are presented as mean±sem pooled from two independent experiments (n=4–5). Statistical significance determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test, with significant differences between treatment and vehicle highlighted in bold. aero: delivery using an aerosoliser; TOB: tobramycin; s.c.: subcutaneous; COL: colistin; IL: interleukin; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN: interferon; KC: keratinocyte chemoattractant; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; #: 16 mg·kg−1; ¶: 160 mg·kg−1; +: 1 mg·kg−1; §: 10 mg·kg−1; *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001.