Risk factors | Models | ||||
TSCE [24] | LLP [153, 154] | Knoke [26] | Bach [27] | PLCOM2012 [28] | |
Age | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Smoking status | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Smoking duration | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Smoking intensity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Type of cigarette smoked | ✓ | ||||
Age at smoking start and end | ✓ | ||||
Years since cessation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Race | ✓ | ||||
Education | ✓ | ||||
BMI | ✓ | ||||
COPD | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Personal history of cancer | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Family history of lung cancer | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Personal history of pneumonia | ✓ | ||||
Asbestos exposure | ✓ | ✓ |
TSCE: Two-Stage Clonal Expansion; LLP: Liverpool Lung Project Risk; PLCOM2012: Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Model 2012; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.