No OSA (AHI <5 events·h−1) | Mild OSA (AHI 5– <15 events·h−1) | Moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events·h−1) | p-value# | p-value¶ | |
Subjects | 1096 (50.8) | 700 (32.5) | 361 (16.7) | ||
Age years | 58.8±6.0 | 60.8±6.8 | 62.1±7.6 | <0.001 | |
Male | 456 (41.6) | 349 (49.9) | 246 (68.1) | <0.001 | |
BMI kg·m−2 | 23.8±2.6 | 25.2±2.9 | 26.1±3.3 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Waist circumference cm | 80.6±7.5 | 85.2±8.2 | 88.6±8.6 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
EFV cm3 | 234.1±60.0 | 260.3±66.8 | 285.2±69.7 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Systolic blood pressure mmHg | 113.4±14.3 | 116.0±13.4 | 118.5±13.1 | <0.001 | 0.002+ |
Diastolic blood pressure mmHg | 73.4±8.9 | 74.6±9.0 | 76.7±9.2 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Fasting glucose mg·dL−1 | 94.9±19.4 | 99.2±22.7 | 102.7±22.3 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
HbA1c % | 5.7±0.7 | 5.9±0.9 | 6.0±0.8 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Total cholesterol mg·dL−1 | 197.9±36.3 | 192.5±35.9 | 189.6±35.5 | <0.001 | 0.22 |
Triglyceride mg·dL−1 | 129.6±80.4 | 140.3±94.0 | 154.7±91.2 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
HDL-cholesterol mg·dL−1 | 48.2±12.1 | 46.4±11.2 | 43.1±10.8 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
LDL-cholesterol mg·dL−1 | 124.5±32.7 | 119.2±31.6 | 116.6±32.3 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
hsCRP mg·dL−1 | 1.3±2.3 | 1.3±2.5 | 1.5±3.7 | 0.26 | 0.33 |
Pack-years of smoking | 7.9±15.3 | 9.4±16.0 | 13.7±19.2 | <0.001 | 0.64 |
Alcohol consumption g·day−1 | 7.4±18.9 | 8.9±20.0 | 11.1±22.8 | 0.01 | 0.70 |
Physical activity MET·week−1 | 798.2±988.7 | 809.1±940.4 | 896.6±1145.5 | 0.26 | 0.79 |
Hypertension | 374 (34.1) | 353 (50.4) | 226 (62.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | 281 (25.6) | 227 (32.4) | 156 (43.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Polysomnographic recordings | |||||
AHI events·h−1 TST | 2.1±1.4 | 8.7±2.7 | 26.1±12.1 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Supine AHI events·h−1 TST | 4.3±5.5 | 17.5±12.0 | 41.8±18.9 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Nonsupine AHI events·h−1 TST | 0.8±1.2 | 2.8±2.9 | 11.2±13.5 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
TST min | 371.4±80.0 | 365.9±76.7 | 366.2±79.8 | 0.28 | 0.70 |
Awakening index >30 s events·h−1 | 4.7±3.6 | 5.3±3.3 | 7.0±4.9 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Mean SaO2 % | 95.9±1.1 | 95.2±1.2 | 94.4±1.5 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Lowest SaO2 % | 89.6±5.3 | 85.1±4.7 | 80.4±6.7 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Oxygen desaturation index events·h−1 TST | 1.9±0.3 | 7.9±2.9 | 24.0±11.6 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
SaO2 <90% min | 0.5±2.7 | 2.6±4.6 | 16.2±26.0 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
SaO2 <90% % TST | 0.2±0.9 | 0.8±3.2 | 4.7±7.9 | <0.001 | <0.001+ |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. AHI: apnoea–hypopnoea index; BMI: body mass index; EFV: epicardial fat volume; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MET: metabolic equivalent; TST: total sleep time; SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation. #: p-values for unadjusted model; ¶: p-values for multivariate models including age and sex where applicable; +: p<0.05 among all comparisons by the post hoc Scheffe test.