TABLE 3

Associations circulating adhesion molecules with interstitial lung disease (ILD) events

	sICAM-1	p-value	sVCAM-1	p-value	P-selectin	p-value	E-selectin	p-value	L-selectin	p-value
Respiratory hospitalisation with concomitant ILD
Events	20		18		77		9		18
Person-years	30 295		28 014		70 176		11 457		28 014
Rate per 10 000 person-years (95% CI)	6.6 (4.3–10.2)		6.4 (4.0–10.2)		11.0 (8.8–13.7)		7.9 (4.1–15.1)		6.4 (4.0–10.2)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Unadjusted	1.75 (1.46–2.10)	<0.001	1.56 (1.27–1.90)	<0.001	1.73 (1.23–2.43)	0.002	1.39 (1.02–1.89)	0.04	1.09 (0.67–1.71)	0.78
Adjusted: model 1^#	1.36 (1.13–1.63)	0.001	1.62 (1.21–2.16)	0.001	1.84 (1.24–2.72)	0.002	1.29 (0.71–2.35)	0.40	1.09 (0.65–1.84)	0.75
Adjusted: model 2^¶	1.34 (1.09–1.66)	0.006	1.68 (1.25–2.27)	<0.001	2.07 (1.25–3.43)	0.005	1.42 (0.75–2.70)	0.29	1.09 (0.66–1.80)	0.75
ILD hospitalisation
Events	12		11		44		8		11
Person-years	30 295		28 014		70 176		11 457		28 014
Rate per 10 000 person-years (95% CI)	4.0 (2.3–7.0)		3.9 (2.2–7.1)		6.3 (4.7–8.4)		7.0 (3.5–14.0)		3.9 (2.2–7.1)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Unadjusted	1.70 (1.32–2.21)	<0.001	1.57 (1.21–2.05)	<0.001	1.95 (1.32–2.88)	<0.001	1.34 (0.94–1.91)	0.11	1.10 (0.52–2.33)	0.80
Adjusted: model 1^#	1.30 (1.00–1.70)	0.047⁺	1.53 (1.24–1.89)	<0.001	1.87 (1.19–2.92)	0.007	1.25 (0.65–2.41)	0.51	1.03 (0.58–1.84)	0.91
Adjusted: model 2^¶	1.36 (1.03–1.80)	0.03	1.40 (1.07–1.85)	0.02	2.03 (1.16–3.55)	0.01	1.30 (0.72–2.36)	0.38	1.05 (0.56–1.97)	0.87
Respiratory mortality
Events	28		25		63		7		25
Person-years	30 295		28 014		70 176		11 457		28 014
Rate per 10 000 person-years (95% CI)	9.2 (6.4–13.4)		8.9 (6.0–13.2)		9.0 (7.0–11.5)		6.1 (2.9–12.8)		8.9 (6.0–13.2)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Unadjusted	1.43 (1.08–1.91)	0.01⁺	1.71 (1.42–2.06)	<0.001	1.48 (1.14–1.92)	0.003	1.78 (1.13–2.81)	0.01⁺	0.85 (0.56–1.29)	0.43
Adjusted: model 1^#	1.25 (0.94–1.65)	0.13	1.80 (1.38–2.36)	<0.001	1.49 (1.12–1.98)	0.006	1.95 (0.97–3.94)	0.06	0.85 (0.59–1.23)	0.39
Adjusted: model 2^¶	1.29 (0.96–1.72)	0.09	2.06 (1.56–2.72)	<0.001	1.54 (1.15–2.08)	0.004	1.95 (1.04–3.65)	0.04⁺	0.84 (0.58–1.21)	0.35
ILD mortality
Events	9		7		16		3		7
Person-years	30 295		28 014		70 176		11 457		28 014
Rate per 10 000 person-years (95% CI)	3.0 (1.5–5.7)		2.5 (1.2–5.2)		2.3 (1.4–3.7)		2.6 (0.8–8.1)		2.5 (1.2–5.2)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Unadjusted	1.83 (1.31–2.55)	<0.001	1.71 (1.21–2.43)	0.003	2.04 (1.25–3.33)	0.004	1.35 (0.56–3.26)	0.51	1.47 (0.76–2.87)	0.25
Adjusted: model 1^#	1.41 (0.93–2.14)	0.11	2.02 (1.19–3.41)	0.009	3.30 (1.40–7.80)	0.006	1.28 (0.45–3.65)	0.64	1.29 (0.67–2.50)	0.45
Adjusted: model 2^¶	1.39 (0.94–2.07)	0.10	2.15 (1.26–3.64)	0.005	3.61 (1.54–8.46)	0.003	1.36 (0.52–3.58)	0.53	1.29 (0.66–2.53)	0.45

Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. Effect estimates are per standard deviation of each adhesion molecule. sICAM: soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; sVCAM: soluble vascular adhesion molecule. ^#: adjusted for generalised propensity score 1, which includes age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, height, educational attainment, study site and glomerular filtration rate (GFR); ^¶: adjusted for generalised propensity score 2, which includes age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, BMI, waist circumference, height, educational attainment, study site, GFR, percentage emphysema on computed tomography, alcohol use, total intentional exercise (metabolic equivalent min·week⁻¹), coronary artery calcium, diabetes medication use, insulin use, fasting glucose, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cholesterol medication use, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, C-reactive protein, D-dimer and cancer history; ⁺: p-value no longer significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.