Variable | Pulmonary fibrosis mortality | Annual percent change (95% CI) # | Average annual percent change (95% CI) ¶ | ||
Deaths n (%) | Age-adjusted rate per 1 000 000 (95% CI) | Trend 1 | Trend 2 | 1999–2017 | |
Overall | 230 900 (100) | 37.9 (37.7 to 38.1) | 1999–2004; 4.0 (2.3 to 5.8) | 2004–2017; −0.6 (−1.0 to −0.3) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.1) |
Sex | |||||
Men | 123 387 (53.4) | 49.6 (49.4 to 49.9) | 1999–2005; 3.0 (1.1 to 5.0) | 2005–2017; −0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.3) |
Women | 107 513 (46.6) | 29.8 (29.6 to 29.9) | 1999–2004; 4.1 (2.1 to 6.2) | 2004–2017; −1.1 (−1.5 to −0.7) | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.9) |
Race | |||||
White, non-Hispanic | 194 633 (84.2) | 39.4 (39.2 to 39.6) | 1999–2004; 4.2 (2.5 to 6.0) | 2004–2017; −0.4 (−0.7 to 0) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.4) |
Men | 105 659 (45.7) | 52.2 (51.9 to 52.5) | 1999–2004; 3.7 (2.0 to 5.5) | 2004–2017; −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.4) |
Women | 88 974 (38.5) | 30.4 (30.2 to 30.6) | 1999–2004; 4.5 (2.4 to 6.8) | 1999–2017; −0.9 (−1.4 to −0.5) | 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.2) |
Black, non-Hispanic | 11 685 (5.1) | 20.9 (20.5 to 21.3) | 1999–2005; 1.8 (−1.4 to 5.1) | 2005–2017; −2.3 (−3.3 to −1.2) | −0.9 (−2.1 to 0.2) |
Men | 5388 (2.3) | 25.1 (24.4 to 25.8) | 1999–2005; 3.5 (−0.2 to 7.4) | 2005–2017; −2.5 (−3.6 to −1.3) | −0.5 (−1.8 to 0.8) |
Women | 6297 (2.7) | 18.8 (18.3 to 19.2) | −1.6 (−2.2 to −0.9) | ||
Hispanic | 17 430 (7.5) | 42.9 (42.3 to 43.6) | −0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1) | ||
Men | 8624 (3.7) | 50.2 (49.1 to 51.4) | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.4) | ||
Women | 8806 (3.8) | 37.7 (36.9 to 38.5) | 1999–2005; 3.2 (−0.7 to 7.2) | 2005–2017; −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.6) | −0.1 (−1.4 to 1.3) |
Census region | |||||
Northeast | 38 839 (16.8) | 31.8 (31.5 to 32.1) | 1999–2005; 4.2 (1.9 to 6.5) | 2005–2017; −0.2 (−0.9 to −0.7) | 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0) |
Midwest | 57 746 (25.0) | 41.41 (41.1 to 41.7) | 1999–2005; 4.1 (1.9 to 6.4) | 2005–2017; −0.9 (−1.5 to −0.2) | 0.8 (0.0 to 1.5) |
South | 86 705 (37.5) | 39.47 (39.2 to 39.7) | 1999–2004; 3.2 (1.3 to 5.1) | 2004–2017; −0.4 (−0.8 to 0.0) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.1) |
West | 47 610 (20.6) | 37.17 (36.8 to 37.5) | 1999–2004; 2.7 (1.0 to 4.3) | 2004–2017; −1.6 (−2.1 to −1.1) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4) |
Age groups+ | |||||
35–44 years | 1607 (0.7) | 1.9 (1.9 to 2.1) | −3.5 (−4.9 to −2.2) | ||
45–54 years | 6655 (2.9) | 8.3 (8.1 to 8.5) | −2.5 (−3.2 to −1.8) | ||
55–64 years | 20 291 (8.8) | 31.7 (31.3 to 32.2) | −1.8 (−2.3 to −1.4) | ||
65–74 years | 51 776 (22.4) | 124.5 (123.4 to 125.5) | 1999–2004; 3.1 (1.0 to 5.1) | 2004–2017; −1.9 (−2.3 to −1.5) | −0.6 (−1.1 to 0.0) |
75–84 years | 87 318 (37.8) | 348.3 (346.0 to 350.6) | 1999–2006; 3.6 (1.9 to 5.4) | 2006–2017; −0.6 (−1.4 to 0.2) | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.8) |
≥85 years | 62 443 (27.1) | 626.3 (621.4 to 631.2) | 1999–2005; 4.6 (2.8 to 6.4) | 2005–2017; 0.7 (0.3 to 1.2) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.6) |
Contributing causes of death§ | |||||
Pneumonia and influenza | 29 162 (12.6) | 4.8 (4.7 to 4.8) | 1999–2004; 6.9 (−0.6 to 15) | 2004–2017; −3.7 (−4.3 to −3) | −1.2 (−3.6 to 1.2) |
Ischaemic heart disease | 25 871 (11.2) | 4.3 (4.2 to 4.3) | 1999–2007; 1.9 (−0.8 to 4.7) | 2007–2017; −2.8 (−4.8 to −0.8) | −0.7 (−2.2 to 0.8) |
Heart failure | 24 987 (10.8) | 4.1 (4.0 to 4.1) | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.3) | ||
COPD | 23 280 (10.1) | 3.8 (3.8 to 3.9) | 1.1 (−0.4 to 2.6) | ||
Diabetes | 16 030 (6.9) | 2.6 (2.6 to 2.7) | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.3) | ||
Pulmonary heart disease | 15 550 (6.7) | 2.5 (2.5 to 2.6) | 1.3 (0.5 to 2.1) | ||
Septicaemia | 5559 (2.4) | 0.9 (0.9 to 0.9) | 1999–2008; 5.0 (2.6 to 7.4) | 2008–2017; −0.3 (−2.0 to 1.5) | 2.6 (−0.1 to 5.4) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 3734 (1.6) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.6) | −2.0 (−2.8 to −1.1) | ||
Lung cancer | 1792 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | −1.1 (−2.4 to 0.3) |
The annual percent change or average annual percent change is significant if confidence intervals do not cross zero (p<0.05). COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. #: years included are linear segments that have different slopes and are connected at the time point where a change in trend occurs (referred to as joinpoint). For example, for the overall variable, one joinpoint was identified in 2004 and two-line segments or time periods (trend 1: 1999–2004, and trend 2: 2004–2017). If data are not shown, it is because there are no joinpoints and regression analysis of all time points each year shows no significant departures from a linear trend. ¶: the average annual percent change is a weighted average of the annual percent changes, with the weights equal to the length of the joinpoint segments. +: these numbers represent crude rates and confidence intervals. §: the National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause of death data include conditions that are important contributors to death (i.e. the disease or injury that contributed to the fatal outcome) but were not reported as the underlying cause (i.e. the disease or injury that initiated the chain of morbid events leading directly to death).