Variable | Patient characteristics | Quantile regression analysis: median (IQR) time to LFU months | Cox proportional hazards analysis | ||||||
Category | Patients in group n (% of total patients) | Recorded as LFU n (% of total LFU) | LFU in each category % | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Total | All patients | 4099 | 702 | 17.1 | 7 (3–11) | ||||
Sex | Female | 1249 (30.5) | 181 (25.8) | 14.5 | 7 (4–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
Male | 2850 (69.5) | 521 (74.2) | 18.3 | 7 (3–11) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | <0.01 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.06 | |
Age | 0–25 years | 735 (17.9) | 104 (14.8) | 14.1 | 7 (4–13) | Reference | Reference | ||
26–35 years | 1148 (28.0) | 178 (25.4) | 15.5 | 7 (3–12) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.22 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.62 | |
36–50 years | 1377 (33.6) | 269 (38.3) | 19.5 | 7 (4–11) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | <0.01 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.04 | |
51–99 years | 839 (20.5) | 151 (21.5) | 18.0 | 6 (3–11) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.01 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.08 | |
National income category | High income | 2184 (53.3) | 374 (53.3) | 17.1 | 7 (4–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
Middle income | 1915 (46.7) | 328 (46.7) | 17.1 | 6 (2–11) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.37 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.48 | |
HIV status | Negative | 3644 (88.9) | 599 (85.3) | 16.4 | 7 (4–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
Positive | 111 (2.7) | 32 (4.6) | 28.8 | 8 (4–15) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | <0.01 | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | <0.01 | |
Unknown | 344 (8.4) | 71 (10.1) | 20.6 | 7 (3–11) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.05 | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | <0.01 | |
Extensive TB disease | No | 1022 (24.9) | 161 (22.9) | 15.8 | 6 (3–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 3019 (73.7) | 535 (76.2) | 17.7 | 7 (4–11) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 0.16 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.99 | |
Unknown | 58 (1.4) | 6 (0.9) | 10.3 | 9 (1–17) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.26 | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.74 | |
TB treatment regimen | Standardised | 377 (9.2) | 98 (14.0) | 26.0 | 7 (3–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
Individualised | 3722 (90.8) | 604 (86.0) | 16.2 | 8 (6–12) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.01 | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.03 | |
Previous TB drug treatment | None | 965 (23.5) | 168 (23.9) | 17.4 | 7 (4–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
First line | 2073 (50.6) | 356 (50.7) | 17.2 | 7 (3–10) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.96 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.08 | |
Second line | 653 (15.9) | 106 (15.1) | 16.2 | 7 (3–13) | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) | 0.15 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.53 | |
Unknown | 378 (9.2) | 72 (10.3) | 19.0 | 7 (4–14) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.17 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.50 | |
Resistance to pyrazinamide | Susceptible | 1135 (27.7) | 174 (24.8) | 15.3 | 8 (5–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
Resistant | 1561 (38.1) | 235 (33.5) | 15.1 | 7 (5–12) | 0.98 (0.8–1.2) | 0.82 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.59 | |
Unknown | 1403 (34.2) | 293 (41.7) | 20.9 | 6 (2–10) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | <0.01 | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | <0.01 | |
Resistance to ethambutol | Susceptible | 1386 (33.8) | 258 (36.8) | 18.6 | 6 (3–10) | Reference | Reference | ||
Resistant | 2241 (54.7) | 362 (51.6) | 16.2 | 7 (4–12) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.01 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.51 | |
Unknown | 472 (11.5) | 82 (11.7) | 17.4 | 8 (6–15) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.11 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.51 | |
Resistance to streptomycin | Susceptible | 967 (23.6) | 195 (27.8) | 20.2 | 7 (4–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
Resistant | 2831 (69.1) | 481 (68.5) | 17.0 | 7 (3–11) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.18 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.37 | |
Unknown | 301 (7.3) | 26 (3.7) | 8.6 | 13 (6–16) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | <0.01 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | <0.01 | |
Serious adverse event | No | 814 (19.9) | 210 (29.9) | 25.8 | 6 (1–10) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 960 (23.4) | 134 (19.1) | 14.0 | 8 (5–11) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.01 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.01 | |
Unknown | 2325 (56.7) | 358 (51.0) | 15.4 | 7 (4–12) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.01 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.01 | |
AFB smear | Negative | 732 (17.9) | 124 (17.7) | 16.9 | 6 (3–13) | Reference | Reference | ||
Positive | 2412 (58.8) | 457 (65.1) | 18.9 | 7 (3–12) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.17 | 1.0 (0.7–1.7) | 0.84 | |
Unknown | 955 (23.3) | 121 (17.2) | 12.7 | 7 (4–10) | 0.71 (0.5–0.9) | <0.01 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.54 |
IQR: interquartile range; AFB: acid-fast bacilli.