Characteristics of adult replication cohorts
| KORA time-point 1 | KORA time-point 2 | LBC1936 time-point 1 | LBC1936 time-point 2 | LifeLines time-point 1 | NSPHS time-point 1 | FTC time-point 1 | |
| Subjects n | 628 | 628 | 449 | 449 | 1622 | 535 | 93 |
| Female | 53.2 | 53.2 | 46.8 | 46.8 | 42.8 | 53.1 | 47.3 |
| Age years | 53.6±4.5 | 60.1±4.5 | 69.6±0.9 | 76.3±0.7 | 46.7±10.8 | 55.1±16.0 | 30.4±3.8 |
| Height cm | 169.5±9.3 | 168.7±9.4 | 167.2±8.8 | 166.1±8.8 | 176.9±9.1 | 163.8±9.8 | 173.0±10.5 |
| Weight kg | 79.0±16.7 | 79.9±17.3 | 77.2±14.6 | 76.5±14.8 | 82.1±14.7 | 74.0±15.2 | 82.0±18.8 |
| Body mass index kg·m−2 | 27.4±4.7 | 28.0±5.1 | 27.5±4.3 | 27.7±4.6 | 26.2±3.9 | 27.5±4.7 | 27.3±5.4 |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never-smoker# | 38.2 | 38.2 | 52.3 | 52.3 | 56.6 | 83.2 | 53.8 |
| Ex-smoker | 43.8 | 45.5 | 40.8 | 41.9 | 0ƒ | NA## | 26.9 |
| Current smoker | 18.0 | 16.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 43.5 | 16.5 | 19.4 |
| Pack-years | 12.8±19.3 | 13.5±20.2 | 13.9±24.0 | 14.1±24.6 | 21.0±11.7 | 8.1±21.6 | NA |
| Education¶ | |||||||
| Low | 47.6 | 47.6 | 49.7 | 49.7 | 23.1 | NA | 1.1 |
| Intermediate | 26.4 | 26.4 | 32.3 | 32.3 | 40.8 | NA | 38.6 |
| High | 26.0 | 26.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 35.4 | NA | 60.2 |
| FVC L+ | 4.3±1.0 | 3.9±1.0 | 3.2±0.9 | 2.8±0.9 | 4.7±1.1 | 3.4±1.1 | 4.8±1.1 |
| FEV1 L+ | 3.3±0.8 | 3.0±0.7 | 2.5±0.7 | 2.1±0.7 | 3.5±0.9 | 2.8±0.9 | 3.9±0.9 |
| FEV1/FVC+ | 0.78±0.06 | 0.75±0.07 | 0.79±0.09 | 0.76±0.12 | 0.73±0.09 | 0.83±0.09 | 0.81±0.07 |
| Airflow obstruction | |||||||
| FEV1/FVC <0.7+ | 8.1 | 20.1 | 15.4 | 26.3 | 38.4 | 8.8 | 5.0 |
| FEV1/FVC <LLN+,§ | 5.0 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 14.9 | 27.5 | 4.3 | 11.3 |
| Doctor-diagnosed asthma | 7.2 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 7.1 | 9.9 | 14.2 | 0 |
| Respiratory medication | 3.3 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 0 |
Data are presented as % or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated; percentages may not total 100% due to rounding. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; LLN: lower limit of normal; NA: not assessed. #: self-reported lifetime nonsmoking. ¶: the categorical variable “education” is defined differently in different cohorts. +: values derived from pre-bronchodilation spirometry. §: LLN values estimated using Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference equations [11]. ƒ: LifeLines: nonrandom selection of samples for DNA methylation typing (current smokers versus never-smokers). ##: NSPHS: information obtained on current smoking status (yes/no).