Characteristics | Matched cohort primary analysis# | Matched cohort secondary analysis¶ | ||||
VATS | SBRT | Standardised difference | VATS | SBRT | Standardised difference | |
Subjects n | 159 | 159 | 36 | 36 | ||
Age years | 74.9±4.4 | 74.3±5.4 | 0.11 | 72.8±4.6 | 73.5±5.8 | −0.13 |
Sex | 0.05 | 0 | ||||
Male | 103 (64.8) | 98 (61.6) | 23 (63.9) | 22 (61.1) | ||
Female | 56 (35.2) | 61 (38.4) | 13 (36.1) | 14 (38.9) | ||
FEV1 % pred+ | 77.8±14.8 | 80.9±23.8 | −0.16 | |||
DLCO % pred+ | 81.5±17.0 | 78.5±20.9 | 0.16 | |||
Comorbidities | ||||||
Pulmonary | 83 (52.2) | 82 (51.6) | 0 | 21 (58.3) | 20 (55.6) | 0 |
Cardiac | 69 (43.4) | 67 (42.1) | 0.01 | 13 (36.1) | 14 (38.9) | 0 |
Hypertension | 67 (42.1) | 66 (41.5) | 0 | 15 (41.7) | 15 (41.7) | 0 |
Previous malignancy | 66 (41.5) | 68 (42.8) | −0.01 | 12 (33.3) | 12 (33.3) | 0 |
Vascular | 59 (37.1) | 53 (33.3) | 0.07 | 10 (27.8) | 13 (36.1) | −0.12 |
Diabetes | 34 (21.4) | 27 (17.0) | 0.10 | 5 (13.9) | 6 (16.7) | 0 |
Number of comorbidities | −0.07 | −0.04 | ||||
0 | 3 (1.9) | 6 (3.8) | 2 (5.6) | 2 (5.6) | ||
1 | 24 (15.1) | 27 (17.0) | 9 (25.0) | 7 (19.4) | ||
2 | 56 (35.2) | 54 (34.0) | 8 (22.2) | 12 (33.3) | ||
3 | 38 (23.9) | 34 (21.4) | 8 (22.2) | 8 (22.2) | ||
≥4 | 38 (23.9) | 38 (23.9) | 9 (25.0) | 7 (19.4) | ||
CCI score | −0.06 | −0.04 | ||||
0 | 3 (1.9) | 6 (3.8) | 2 (5.6) | 2 (5.6) | ||
1 | 14 (8.8) | 17 (10.7) | 7 (19.4) | 6 (16.7) | ||
2 | 46 (28.9) | 42 (26.4) | 8 (22.2) | 10 (27.8) | ||
3 | 41 (25.8) | 40 (25.2) | 5 (13.9) | 6 (16.7) | ||
≥4 | 55 (34.6) | 54 (34.0) | 14 (38.9) | 12 (33.3) | ||
Clinical tumour T stage | ||||||
T1a (≤2 cm) | 39 (24.5) | 49 (30.8) | −0.14 | 9 (25.0) | 14 (38.9) | −0.26 |
T1b (>2–≤3 cm) | 61 (38.4) | 53 (33.3) | 0.10 | 13 (36.1) | 12 (33.3) | 0 |
T2a (>3–≤5 cm) | 59 (37.1) | 57 (35.8) | 0.01 | 14 (38.9) | 10 (27.8) | 0.17 |
Tumour location | −0.03 | −0.12 | ||||
Right upper lobe | 59 (37.1) | 60 (37.7) | 9 (25.0) | 9 (25.0) | ||
Right middle lobe | 3 (1.9) | 5 (3.1) | 3 (8.3) | 2 (5.6) | ||
Right lower lobe | 29 (18.2) | 29 (18.2) | 8 (22.2) | 6 (16.7) | ||
Left upper lobe | 42 (26.4) | 38 (23.9) | 11 (30.6) | 13 (36.1) | ||
Left lower lobe | 26 (16.4) | 27 (17.0) | 5 (13.9) | 6 (16.7) | ||
Tumour histology | ||||||
Adenocarcinoma | 61 (38.4) | 63 (39.6) | −0.01 | 17 (47.2) | 8 (22.2) | 0.48 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 60 (37.7) | 54 (34.0) | 0.07 | 18 (50.0) | 5 (13.9) | 0.72 |
Other or unknown§ | 38 (23.9) | 42 (26.4) | −0.04 | 1 (2.8) | 23 (63.9) | −1.68 |
Pathologic confirmation | - | 1.13 | ||||
Yes | 159 (100) | 159 (100) | 36 (100) | 20 (55.6) | ||
No | - | - |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. VATS: video-assisted thoracic surgery; SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy; FEV1 % pred: percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO % pred: percentage predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index. #: matching on full cohort without data on pulmonary function; ¶: matching on subgroup with data on pulmonary function; +: variable used only in secondary analysis; §: the 16 patients without pathological confirmation undergoing SBRT in the secondary analysis are included in “other or unknown” tumour histology.