Physiological and imaging outcome measures before and after treatment
| Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | Within-subject absolute change | Within-subject relative change % | |
| XeMRI outcomes % | ||||
| VDP (linear binning) | 6.8±3.8 | 3.8±2.7 | −3.0 (−4.9–−1.1)* | −42.1 (−52.2–−31.9)* |
| VDP (k-means) | 10.4±4.5 | 6.7±4.1 | −3.8 (−5.9–−1.7)* | −34.6 (−49.3–−19.9)* |
| MBW outcomes (seated) | ||||
| LCI | 15.2±2.4 | 13.7±2.4 | −1.5 (−2.4–−0.5)* | −9.1 (−15.5–−2.6)* |
| FRC L | 2.3±0.7 | 2.3±0.7 | 0.0 (−0.6–0.6) | −2.8 (−61.1–57.4) |
| CEV L | 35.6±15.3 | 31.6±14.1 | −4.1 (−6.7–−1.5)* | −10.7 (−16.2–−5.2)* |
| Sacin L−1 | 0.60±0.38 | 0.45±0.24 | −0.16 (−0.32–0.01) | −15.4 (−36.2–5.3) |
| Scond L−1 | 0.15±0.07 | 0.15±0.06 | 0.00 (−0.05–0.04) | 13.2 (−13.2–39.6) |
| MBW outcomes (supine) | ||||
| LCI | 15.4±2.5 | 14.9±2.5 | −0.5 (−1.5–0.5) | −2.7 (−9.6–4.2) |
| FRC L | 2.1±0.6 | 2.0±0.6 | −0.2 (−0.8–0.3) | −1.0 (−23.0–30.7) |
| CEV L | 33.1±13.8 | 29.9±14.2 | −3.2 (−5.4–−1.0)* | −10.2 (−16.2–−4.2)* |
| Sacin L−1 | 0.61±0.45 | 0.44±0.21 | −0.16 (−0.32–0.01) | −15.4 (−36.2–5.3) |
| Scond L−1 | 0.18±0.09 | 0.19±0.07 | 0.00 (−0.05–0.04) | 13.2 (−13.2–39.6) |
| Spirometry and plethysmography outcomes | ||||
| FEV1 % pred | 63.0±13.9 | 80.3±14.6 | 17.4 (12.7–22.1)* | 29.8 (21.1–38.5)* |
| RV/TLC | 37.6±9.6 | 30.3±4.6 | −7.8 (−11.6–−4.0)* | −17.9 (−25.2–−10.6)* |
| FRC L | 2.5±0.7 | 2.4±0.6 | −0.1 (−0.2–0.0)* | −4.1 (−9.1–1.0) |
| Clinical score outcome | ||||
| Likert wellness score 1–10, median (IQR) | 7 (5–7) | 9 (7–10) | 2.0 (0.6–3.4)* | 39.1 (14.5–63.7)* |
Data are presented as mean±sd or mean (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. XeMRI: magnetic resonance imaging using hyperpolarised 129Xe gas; VDP: ventilation defect per cent; MBW: multiple-breath washout; LCI: lung clearance index; FRC: functional residual capacity; CEV: cumulative expired volume; Sacin: acinar lung zone ventilation inhomogeneity; Scond: conductive lung zone ventilation inhomogeneity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; IQR: interquartile range. *: p<0.05.