Patient demographics and baseline characteristics (treated set)
| Subjects | 106 |
| Male | 66 (62.3) |
| Age years | 63.6±7.2 |
| Smoking history pack-years | 45.6±20.7 |
| Baseline Dyspnoea Index | 5.8±1.3 |
| Post-bronchodilator lung function at screening | |
| FEV1 L | 1.561±0.525 |
| FEV1 % pred | 54.4±13.0 |
| GOLD stage 2 | 60 (56.6) |
| GOLD stage 3 | 46 (43.4) |
| FEV1 change from pre-bronchodilator L | 0.232±0.188 |
| FEV1 change from pre-bronchodilator % | 19.5±15.5 |
| FVC L | 3.433±1.025 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 45.8±8.9 |
| FRC % pred | 155.4±28.2 |
| Total lung capacity L | 7.3±1.5 |
| Pulmonary medication prior to study enrolment | |
| Any | 101 (95.3) |
| LABA monotherapy | 0 (0) |
| LAMA monotherapy | 18 (17.0) |
| LABA/ICS# | 7 (6.6) |
| LAMA/ICS# | 1 (0.9) |
| LAMA/LABA# | 18 (17.0) |
| LAMA/LABA/ICS# | 41 (38.7) |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FVC: forced vital capacity; FRC: functional residual capacity; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid. #: free or fixed-dose combination (LABA or LAMA discontinued prior to randomisation for duration of study; ICS continued if used prior to study enrolment).